Lord of the Flies: Examine Goldings methods of writing in the last three paragraphs of Chapter Nine

The end of chapter 9 is very different to the rest of the novel, both in the style it is written and in what Golding is trying to portray about human nature. My first impressions of this extract are how different Golding's style of writing is; he is much more poetic, mythical way â€Å"the clear water mirrored the clear sky†. The rest of the novel is written in much more of a matter-of-fact style, through the eyes of one of the other boys, however still in third person. The way he uses adjectives such as â€Å"inaudible† create a sense of calmness and silence, which is a harsh contrast to the killing scene just before â€Å"the noise was unendurable†. This is perhaps to represent the calm, quiet spirituality of Simon's nature, and show how he is a million miles away from the other boys, who made so much noise. It could also represent the fact that Simon is now alone, both physically and metaphorically as he is the only one who knows the truth. Golding also creates an almost superhuman element to Simon, making Simon godlike or giving him the air of a Saint; â€Å"†¦dressed Simon's course hair with brightness†. This is interesting as it is something he was made a point of not doing elsewhere in the novel. He has made a point of showing how fragile human nature is- â€Å"Ralph, cradling the conch, rocked to and fro†, here showing Ralph's emotional breakdown after participating in a murder, and shown the other boys to have regressed to become subhuman â€Å"savages†, in opposition to Simon becoming almost angelic. Throughout the novel Golding has also used the island as a microcosm of the ‘real world', and towards the end of the extract he goes against this idea and describes the world beyond in great detail â€Å"itself a silver shape beneath the steadfast constellations†. I think the fact he describes this in so much detail is important, he is clearly trying to make a point of it: the fact the death of Simon is such a huge human tragedy, but yet when compared to the enormity of the natural world it pales in insignificance. Even though the novel at first seems pessimistic, and hard to believe the author was a Christian, I disagree. When Golding writes â€Å"Simon's dead body moved out to sea†, I think he is showing that amongst all the injustices in the world, those with faith and spirituality (as I think Simon is meant to represent the spiritual aspect of human nature) will go to a better place away from the horror of the world. I think the novel perhaps has a subtle underlying Christian message. You can see throughout that Golding has been very crafting in how he uses techniques to explain the importance of Simon's death in the novel, and the important differences between Simon and the other boys, and the fact Simon has not turned savage. The language he has used to show this is not typical of the rest of the novel however the symbolism is.

Department store Essay

When we want to buy something, we go shopping. There are many kinds of shops in every town or city. Most people prefer to do their shopping at big department stores and supermarkets. Department stores offer a wide range of articles under one roof. Therefore, a customer can purchase all his requirements from a particular place. As a result, the time and labour of customers are saved because they need not go from shop to shop for purchasing different kinds of goods. Departmental store also offers a number of facilities and services like free home delivery, telephone orders, liberal exchange, etc. with courtesy and fair treatment. Sometimes they even offer to open a current account and buy something on credit. But you must think clearly before get into debt, may be you don’t actually need that and to cut down on such luxuries. What about placing a telephone order, it is better than online shopping, because you can go in the department store and touch everything you want to buy and decide if it is good value for money or truly fit for purpose and then order it by telephone or just reserve it. The availability of such services acts as a special attraction to customers. Also many owners want to limelight the customers with the help of their staff. So they introduce a kind of dress code. Sometimes the executives want their employees wear a special uniform, but usually they only forbid their people to wear revealing and light clothes, stiletto heels and order them to be well-groomed and on no account sloppy. What is more, the owners want their staff to be credible and polite with their clients. It is the first step to success! Furthermore, a departmental store is generally located in the heart of the city. Hence, many people visit such stores and make their purchases. Gradually, such stores develop a reputation of their own, by selling quality goods at centrally located areas and busy centres. This attracts a large number of customers. Departmental stores offer a stunning range of goods at different price levels. They also keep a variety of designs, colours, styles, etc. For example, you can buy designer label clothes from glossy magazines, which have been launched in new collections of famous designers and have already hit the high street. This is the proposal for someone who is interested in  high-street fashion and fashion victims. But also there are a lot of hugely popular clothes and other things for everybody! It enables the customers to make a better selection from a wide variety. The department stores generally purchase in bulk quantities. For that, they receive discounts and commissions. Such stores purchase directly from the manufacturer and hence avoid middlemen and so als o their commission. As a result, departmental stores are able to sell products, at prices lesser than other retailers. Thus, economies of large scale buying are transferred to the customers in the form of low prices. Speaking about less pleasant facts, we should speak about complaints and repayments. If you haven’t been provided an excellent service or your purchase turned out to be poor quality, you have all grounds for complaint and all these complaints should be taken seriously and handled promptly. Also let’s imagine such situation: you have bought the shoes, but after trying them at home you’ve realized them to be excruciatingly uncomfortable. Don’t give up, you will be right to return these shoes during 2 weeks and demand a full refund. All in all, nowadays the department stores are becoming more popular s where people can reserve time and find a necessary good. Due to the wide range of goods offered and various facilities provided by the departmental stores, they are able to make large volume of sales. It is really favorably to do shopping at the department stores i n order to save you money.

The mind-body connection and how this impacts how we learn Research Paper

The mind-body connection and how this impacts how we learn - Research Paper Example As Weiss (2014) maintains, the body does not exist merely for carrying the head around. Instead, the whole body is engaged when a person thinks and learns. Learning involves numerous novel neuron connections that result into new structures in the brain from time to time. These neurons consist of several receptors, which are proteins that vibrate and change shape over time. Hydrolysis of proteins produces peptides and research has shown that the same peptides discovered in the brain were in the rest of the other systems of the body (Weiss, 2014). This is proof that the connection between the body and the mind is actually physical. This body-soul connection affects learning in various ways. The plasticity of the brain depends on ability of a person to generate novel brain cells, something that has to do with the body. Brain plasticity denotes the capability of the brain to learn continuously while updating its database. Throughout one’s life, new brain cells that are functional are generated each day. Scientists have maintained that the human brain emerges as an organ that has organic tissues that are most complex, numerous connections. Studies have shown that these connections do not occur exclusively during the learning process but also transpire to a greater degree in those people who are physically active as compared to those who are less active in physical terms. This is in line with recent data collection that shows that physically active people have a relatively large cortical mass in comparison to their less physically active counterparts. The fact that the bodily stimulations instanced by being physically active enhance the ability of the cells of the n erve to connect translates to ameliorated learning process (Kotz, 2010). Without doubt, the mind-body connection has an important role in enhancing the learning process and this needs consideration to ameliorate learning in

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Discussion - Essay Example Examples will be provided of the Structural, Human Resource, and Political Frames from the video and transcript of the speech. This will exclude the Symbolic Frame as that information has already been provided per the instructions. As Bolman and Deal (2008) mention from his own unique and personal perspective, David King’s diagnosis makes sense. The reframing process, however, is different for every manager and leader as no two individuals look at a company from the same experiences, career path, education, beliefs, values, and interests. His recommendations made sense for the situation for him and the circumstances he was in at that point in time. He referenced his previous experience many times, but also referenced all four frames equally in his recommendation. It seemed as though, initially, he was relying much too heavily on the human resource frame to justify his actions, but as he later explained his thoughts more fully it became clear that he was considering all four frames. The opportunity he may have missed was explaining to the staff the issues related to structure he had observed, so that when dealing with the human resource tensions and conflicts rather than focusing on blaming one another or the details of what one person said to one another. He could have given them a little bit of analysis to divert the attention away from the people issues (Bolman and Deal, 2008). One of the benefits of understanding the Structural Frame, as an example, is that you know the concerns are not primarily the fault of the people. It seemed he spent the majority of his time delving into issues with the staff, which could lead some people to believe that administration was the primary problem. Appearances can mean a lot particularly when there is a change in leadership. His decisions were effective in the short run in that he calmed the situation down that was brewing between Carver and Dula, but in the

Differences in effectiveness of Humen Resource Management practices Essay

Differences in effectiveness of Humen Resource Management practices (HRM) in Saudi Arabia between local and multinational banks - Essay Example The two fold problem has been considered in this dissertation. First of all it has been identified that what are the main effective human resource practices with respect to banks in Saudi Arabia and in the other developing and developed countries. It is then considered that whether the human resource practices are more effective in international banks as compared with the local banks. The questionnaire method been used for data collection. Equal numbers of people from local and international banks in Saudi Arabia were asked the questions. Likert scale was used to devise the questionnaire. Job satisfaction was considered as proxy for effective human resource practices. The job satisfaction is a direct consequence of the phenomenon and it can be said that the HR is working effectively. So job satisfaction has been taken as a proxy for effective HR practices. SPSS was used for analyzing the responses. It has been found out that in the domain of recruitment and selection the main effecti ve HR practices are scientific recruitment methods and clear job analysis. In performance management the significant practices are quick and professional feedback. Effective training is also an effective HR practice. On the other hand it was found that the multinational banks have more effective HR practices than the local banks. ... Signature: Name: Mana Almana   Dated: 8/9/2010 Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction: 1 1.1 OVERVIEW: 1 1.2 Research Objectives 9 1.4 Research Chapters: 11 1.5 Summary 11 2.LITERATURE REVIEW 12 2.1.Selection and recruitment: 12 2.2. Performance Management: 19 2.3. Training and Development 25 2.4 Job satisfaction as proxy for HR effectiveness 34 Chapter 3. METHODOLOGY 30 3.1. Introduction 30 3.3. The Research Hypothesis 32 3.4. Data Sources and Collection Methods 34 3.5. Summary 44 Chapter 4: Data Analysis and findings: 44 Through SPSS 45 3.1 Recruitment & selection and HR effectiveness (as represented by job satisfaction) 41 3.2 Performance management and the HR effectiveness (as represented by job satisfaction) 56 3.3 Training and HR effectiveness (as represented by job satisfaction) 53 3.4 Performance of International banks and local Saudi Banks 57 Chapter Summary : 64 Chapter 5: Discussion 74 Chapter 6: Conclusion and Recommendations 76 References: 69 Appendix 1: Questionnai re 74 Chapter 1. Introduction: The first chapter is prepared to give an insight of the research problem discussed. It provides background information in overall structure and function of the Saudi banking sector. It then presents the literature review conducted to elucidate human resource management in general. Following up from the fundamentals the importance of this discipline is studied and explained with respect to the banking sector in particular. The study evaluates the significance of human resource management to this industry by comparing the theoretical grounds with the best practices. Finally the purpose of the research will be explained along with

Approaches to Teaching Grammar Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Approaches to Teaching Grammar - Article Example The apparent limitation of the syllabus was that students were not involved in learning the language due to the monotonous nature of activities. Secondly, adults feel that the language they are learning is not preparing them for the world. The skills of language; reading, writing, speaking and writing were taught in isolation and in a very set manner. Since, we use more than one skill at a time, learners were forced to focus on one skill and the integration of skill development was missing. Speaking was ignored like in any traditional classroom, due to its difficult nature of assessment and requires a competent teacher. All the focus is on writing as it is considered the most important academic skill. The main reason for learning English language is instrumental. Like other countries, this country is also facing recession and employment rates are constantly fluctuating rather deteriorating. Students want to learn the language to seek new opportunities around the world. When this Institution will activate my syllabus, they have to consider that it is learner centered where adults come to discuss debate, interact socially and philosophically and begin to work in teams. The main aim of the course is to make it motivating and interesting for the students. Target Learners First thing to be kept in mind is that the students are a part of society and we have to touch English in the manner it is appropriate. Culture of target language will also be exposed to students to a certain degree. Learning English for my target students is not a total new experience as they have completed their twelve years of education, where weekly 120 minutes were given to language teaching. But the medium of instruction remains Arabic.... First thing to be kept in mind is that the students are a part of society and we have to touch English in the manner it is appropriate. The culture of target language will also be exposed to students to a certain degree. Learning English for my target students is not a totally new experience as they have completed their twelve years of education, where weekly 120 minutes were given to language teaching. But the medium of instruction remains Arabic. Language development is to the extent where the students understand instructions and follow them appropriately, but with some emphasis on repetition of instructions. The students can read and comprehend with the teacher’s help. Teacher is always in control and there aren’t many opportunities for learners to talk about their lives, opinions, and experiences. Teacher takes most of the time explaining to the learners how to go about the written activities. Learners listen to the teacher and do accordingly; obviously repetition o f instructions is in demand. Learners have very less room for creativity and expression. Activities are monotonous and last for the whole period. All the activities revolve around making the learner write in the end. Learners feel bored and there is no excitement as the classes have routine and learners know what is going to happen next. The learners do not find authentic language to use it outside the class but they are able to write an application, letters and etc. What they lack is confidence in talking in English along with the experience.

Wal-Marts approach to Purchasing and Supply-Chain Management Essay

Wal-Marts approach to Purchasing and Supply-Chain Management - Essay Example This report stresses that Wal-Mart is a retailer of consumer goods. Its ultimate strategy is to offer products at low prices thus becoming a common primary area of interest among various business experts in terms of costs. This low pricing strategy is the core competitive strategy for the retail store. However, besides this, its purchasing and supply-chain management have great contribution too; the actual business world William. The Wal-Mart failed in Germany because the management wanted to implement the United States model to the Germany market. The Wal-Mart management pressured the executives in Germany to enforce management styles of American in the workplace. For instance, workers were forbidden dating colleagues in the organization’s influential positions or flirt with colleagues Huff Post Business This paper shows that the presented activities, Wal-Mart are trying to employ in order to create there competitive advantage primarily using it’s purchasing and supply-chain management for this reason have proved effective. It was found that these activities with information technology have helped Wal-Mart create a competitive advantage over other players in the retail chain store industry. Therefore, to gain competitive advantage in an industry an organization will need to choose the right business models and adopt the right technology to develop a competitive advantage in the industry.

Moral Decisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Moral Decisions - Essay Example In the Reason, Emotion and Moral Decisions article it is said that usually people imagine that human decisions are "backed-up" by reason when in fact they are the result of emotion. For example, the author refers to the fact that oftentimes the results of death penalty that is attributed to the (inculpate) is the result of fear. This fear springs from the fact that people do not want to be hurt again by the found guilty person. Fear is obvious the expression of emotion rather than reason. Behold that in this case, the emotion which is overcome by reason leads to the decision that morally a person who has hurt people is not fit to live. Of course, we need to remember that this applies in the countries where the death penalty is the ultimate punishment decision to a person who has committed a grave crime. Let's take another example in which emotion is overcome by reason when it comes to a moral decision. Imagine two friends, one of which is very eager to becoming a millionaire. In his rush, he prompts his or her friend to consent to his endeavor and take part in it because by this time next year they might be "billionaires". Again it is noticeable that emotion plays a strong part in this case rather than reason. ... It is not unusual that many times such ventures towards wealth are the results of immoral decision. Affairs like money laundering, tax evasion and the like are only a few examples of such situations. Nevertheless, assuming that the endeavor of becoming wealthy is a fair one, and the decision that one has to take is moral, we have seen that in our case emotion overtook the reasons. Usually, in business it is rare that reason is left behind. However, other kinds of emotion such as greed as it was mentioned previously may be the one that the emotion becomes a higher motif than the reason. Although this is true, many times in business reason is the primary object when dealing with situations that involve decisions. It is very important, however, to understand whether the business decisions are considered to be moral. If they are then, then it means that the moral decision of keeping an employee that has proved himself or she may be the result of the reason that the employee had a good work reputation and he or she deserves to remain in the company. In this case this moral decision to keep the employee in this company is less an emotional one, and it is more one based on evidence, on the fact that the employee had proved himself or herself to the management of the company over a long period of time. However, in general to decide whether "something is right or wrong", that is, to make a moral decision, both reason and emotion carry the same balance. In this case, reason represents the judgment being the decision; in its turn, emotion is the expression of feelings towards the issue. According to Sarah Vancy, to be able to make an informed good moral decision both reason and emotion are equally important. Specifically, she states that there has to exists an

14th Amendment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

14th Amendment - Research Paper Example The 13th Amendment raises some critical questions for the lawmakers, and the 14th Amendment was drafted in order to answer these questions of law. The first question to be dealt was the citizenship of the freed slave; associated to this was whether they have the right to own property like the white. Second critical problem that needed an answer was the treatment of freed slaves by law courts of law. Other problems included treatment of rebels; the loans that were borrowed by the rebellions during the civil war, and the right of rebels to be elected for Congress. The 14th Amendment comprises of 5 sections, they deal with the citizenship, equal protection of law, due process, debt, and power of the Congress to enforce. A brief commentary of the clauses presented in the 14th Amendment along with original is provided as follows. Citizenship by place of birth was not a new law. It has bases in the centuries old English Common Law, and it followed the simple doctrine of jus soli. Until the infamous case of Dred Scott when the Supreme Court abrogated the doctrine, jus soli was a part of American Jurisprudence(Stein & Bauer, 1995). The question of jurisdiction has long been debated especially in the cases of illegal immigrants. The critics have vocalized their concern on the legitimacy of citizenship of the child born to illegal immigrants in America. Another case is of the aliens residing within America, who stay for longer period, and give birth to children in America.

The changes in britains empire from 1750 to 1900 Essay Example for Free

The changes in britains empire from 1750 to 1900 Essay And were they all for the better?There were many changes during 1750 to 1900, the majority of which were industrial and economic and not always for the better of then or the better of now. In this essay I will list two changes that I thought significant then I will list the negative short term effects, the negative long term effects, the positive short term effects and the positive long term effects. At the end of each change I will decide whether it was an overall positive or negative change. My first change will be the development of factories as it led to nearly every other significant change from 1750 to 1900, and the cause of this particular change was one Richard Arkwright who is thought to have started the first proper factory; the Cromford mill in 1771 (ref 1)As previous factories had only been gatherings of workers (this had largely been for the textiles industry), and Arkwrights factory was built specifically for housing machinery, as the spinning frame was too large and fast for human hands, Arkwright did first of all try having it powered by horses but then he thought about using water and so invented the water frame, and with it the first factory. Now even though Arkwright upheld a few rules of decency, his successors did not. The future factory owners exploited workers shamelessly while Arkwright would give housing for all the family, a weeks holiday a year and would not allow any one under 6 to work in his factories. This is one of the short term negative impacts of the development of factories as it led to the exploitation of workers. Another short term negative effect is that coal was needed to power the new machines which first led to worse conditions in the mines and second added largely to global warming, which is also a long term negative consequence. Another long term negative outcome is that it gave some of the workers long term genetic diseases that have been passed from then to now and still affect some people with respiratory diseases. A long term positive result though is that it brought industry to maximum progress and allowed us to live in the leisure we do to day and another long term advantage is that they brought families in from the native country to live together and that developed the growth of various host cities. This is a negative short term effect as the living conditions of the migrants were appalling, but that wasnt directly because of the migrants, if the cities had made better arrangements for their migrant workers, the living conditions would have been much better, so that might not count as a short term negative. One of the positive short term effects is also the migration of people to cities as it established social relationships and made the country stronger and another positive short term effect were the skills of trade people learned in the various factories. In conclusion, from my point of view, this change was for the better, but this is my opinion and it could well be different if I was one of the factory workers who probably would have thought this was the way people were going to live for the rest of time. So this change was better for us as of now but not better for them as of then. Overall it was a good change. My second topic is on the colonisation of various countries by Britain. The first proper British colony was Ireland in the Norman period (ref 2) but that goes before 1750 so Ill focus on the 18th century colonies of Britain. The 18th century for Britain was full of change; as America had just officially declared their independence on July the second, 1776 after the American Revolution (1763-1776), and so the British Empire turned its attention to the East, India, China and later Africa. It also helped that in India the Mughal power was declining, as Britain was no match in that region against the previously mighty Mughal Empire (ref 3) The empire had granted trading rights to Britain in the 16th century. This brought most of the East under British rule and gave Britain access to  Indias spices and textile industry from which it profited handsomely, until the accession of William of Orange in 1689 bringing peace between the Netherlands and England. A deal between the two nations left the spice trade of the Indonesian Archipelago to the Netherlands and the textiles industry of India to England, but textiles soon overtook spices in terms of profitability, and by seventeen twenty, in terms of sales, the English company had overtaken the Dutch (ref 4). The English East India Company shifted its focus from Surat-a hub of the spice trade network-to Fort St George (later to become Madras), Bombay (ceded by the Portuguese to Charles II of England in 1661 as dowry for Catherine de Braganza) and Sutanuti (which would merge with two other villages to form Calcutta). This was a big change for the world as it imparted Britains mark on more than a quarter of the world (it was said that in the peak of its power the sun was always shining on the British empire, as the spread of the British colonies was so vast that it circled the entire globe) and it left many benefits as well as manydrawbacks. Here are a few; one of the short term consequences were the amount of lives lost in obtaining colonies and more often than not, colonies were obtained by war and an obvious direct consequence of that is loss of lives, as part and parcel of a armed conflict when countries were taken over the native civilians were treated as lower species and second class citizens. Britain started throwing people out of their own homes and taking over them and giving them to British aristocrats as slaves. This was all done because the natives were of a different skin colour and being dominated. These are two short term negative outcomes and also a long term negative affect as this was racism and it became almost fashionable to be racist at that time. A long term negative effect would be that when as aftermaths of world war two (which in itself was a result of Britains large empire as Germany wanted to compete with Britain to be a large empire itself and so tried to take over Europe) Britain was left virtually bankrupt, with insolvency only averted in 1946 after the  negotiation of a $3.5 billion loan from the United States,(ref 5), the last installment of which was repaid in 2006,(ref 6) and so had to withdraw from its various colonies and many countries fell into turmoil and without Britain to administer order the turmoil led to pillaging and many previously famous and rich countries hit rock bottom like Sierra Leone. Also some countries for a short time suffered radical changes and deaths like the separation of India into India, Pakistan, Bhutan and Nepal (later these split up into Sri Lanka and Bangladesh) but during that change there erupted massive religious battles between Muslims, Sikhs, Hindus as the country was being split. These were two long term negatives impacts. Two long term positives outcomes would be that it established English as a common language between most of the world and brought the world together while it was breaking geographical boundaries so there was less friction between cultures for the later years of human history in 20th century. A short term positive result would be that England brought the rest of the world up to speed with technology and armed them with powerful faster guns and showed the rest of the world the steam train and suddenly people could travel everywhere a lot faster. Over all I think that the colonisations of other countries was excellent move and the turmoil countries were left in afterward was not Britains fault as Germany made the first move and they had to be subdued, the war was unavoidable and for every progress there has to be a little sacrifice also the racism was one bad factor against many good ones so I think it was worth it. In conclusion from then two changes Ive chosen it seems the changes were for the better but for now rather than then. It seems that changes are balanced out they have sacrifices first but in the end it pays of and if I think of the other changes that Ive not mentioned it seems to be the same case. I think this is my view because Im reaping the benefits of what people worked hard to sow long ago, and the drawbacks that seem too much could not have been helped as they were unpredictable factors. But I might not have been so bearing if Id have lived then myself. Its all down to what situation you live inSo over all yes I believe that the changes were for the better. bibliography: wikipedia: factories history western world .para twoNicholas, Canny (1998). The Origins of Empire, the Oxford History of the British Empire. Oxford University Press, pg 7Anthony, Pagden (1998). The Origins of Empire, the Oxford History of the British Empire. Oxford University Press, pg 93. Niall, Ferguson (2004). Empire. Penguin, pg 19Louis, Roger (1999). The Oxford History of the British Empire, Vol. IV, the Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press, pg 331BBC NEWS | UK | Magazine | whats a little debt between friends?

Soviet Union and the United States

Soviet Union and the United States A. Plan of the Investigation â€Å"What were the significant differences in the internal dynamics of the Soviet Union and the United States during Cold War?† As one of the most enduring and intense disputed conflicts to mark history, the cold war presents the evidence underlined for the international relations of today. The complex internal factors coming from the ideological, economic and political differences between the United States and the Soviet Union are the main focus of my investigation. These differences were intensified as WWII ended as well as with the economic competition for world leadership. As this question is related more to analysis than to reports, the use of primary as well as secondary sources through speeches and interpretations via informative books will be employed. For the fulfilling nature of this question, I will analyze the differing dynamics between the two most powerful countries of the late 20th century. This investigation makes the developing relationship between these countries the focal point, thus supplying me with suitable research gear for the emergent essay. B.Summary of Evidence In the years that marked the Cold War, a new standard towards world leadership was formed. The intricate and vital aspect of the dispute between the US and the USSR in the concept of ideology begins with their cultural differences. The main difference in ideals lies with the manner in which the nation is administered. The conflict was vastly involved with the spectrum of mindset between the two regimes. Both peoples found no content in discussing matters where their ways were seemed as irrational. The United States held a government of democracy, where the people had the solemn right to vote for their leader.[1] They are able to vote for leaders they want who can rise from any political party. The opposite stood for the Soviet Union, their administration was led by one ruler, all powerful and undisputed. He was given the role of dictator, and the government was fully communist, hostility began to grow between them.[2] Men are chosen as leaders of the U.S. by democratic elections. Jos eph Stalin ruled until 1953 when he passed away, at which time Nikita Khrushchev and Nikolai Bulganin won a struggle against Stalins successor, Georgi Malenkov, and chief of secret police Lavrenti Beria.[3] Bulganin became the one with power, but Khrushchev, in power of the Communist Party, soon became the dominant figure, he received power as the new dictator of the USSR.[4] By 1964, the Soviet Union was beginning to be led by a society of strict conservatives.[5] Finally, as the last man to rule the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev is partially credited for ending the cold war.[6] The diverse governmental basis for these nations gave but disagreement to work with. These ideologies made the growing tension justified for both.[7] With the newfound race to economic leadership, the US and the USSR attempted to push the other from the major roles of the world. The economic dissimilarities arose from their fiscal processes.[8] The US has a system named capitalism. People in the United States can own properties and businesses; their circumstances were subject to their own legitimacy.[9] Under Communism, all industries and businesses were owned and administered by the nation.[10] The profit was to fit the necessities of the society and no the individual as it was in the US.[11] This difference tied into politics, whoever owned the public market and dominated the commercial and industrial origin of the world had a bigger chance at influencing with their ideals.[12] The United States needed to prevent socialism from spreading at any cost; having an economic advantage wa s the best strategy. The internal dynamics of the two nations differs in theory and in the belief that each rightfully had world supremacy. Their emergent relationship was based more on their respective political institutions and their needs than any other factor. Capitalism versus communism grew as a theme of conflict. Especially after WWII Stalin was determined to make USSR secure in the future from foreign attacks.[13] President Truman believed that Communists, apart from taking control over Eastern Europe, would try to extend their rule over Western Europe. The Truman Doctrine of 1947, commonly known as the cause of the Marshall Plan, claimed that the United States would grant aid only to non-Communist realms.[14] At this point, the nations had declared a stale cold war against each others interests. Believing in impartiality through the use of strength, Communism has created a mark of complete governmental control, which has risen in popularity worldwide for some time. [15] C.Evaluation of Sources The Cold War: The United States and the Soviet Union 1917-1991, composed by Ronald E. Powaski in 1998 consists of insightful chapters detailing discussions on the different possibilities that arose about the origins of the Cold War and clarifying the different paths taken during the cold war. The Cold War was written with the aim or purpose to answer the very scorching questions that to this day challenge many successful historians and researches: the true factors of conflict between the two countries in the cold war and the basis of its abrupt end. The advantages and values subsist in the capability of the author to combine the related educated opinions of many regarded expert historians into a mission statement for the conclusion on my topics calling. The source is valuable to my investigation because it delivers detailed background on what separated the interests of the two nations mentioned. Also, it contains formal information on alliances, plans of actions, globalization, and key points in Russias history that makes important ends meet for my research. This sources limitation lies in that its high concentration on American views gives nothing but clear point facts on Russia instead of its own analysis of the topic. In order to have a sense of completion, a factual version that supports itself on the view of Russia and its leader was needed. The Personality Cult and its Consequences: Special Report to the 20th congress of the communist party of the Soviet Union is a speech given on February 25, 1956 by Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev regarded as the secret speech due to the discretion at a closed session within the party congress. Its purpose perseveres to criticize Joseph Stalins regime in order to present a better and reformed version of the communist party. The speechs values to my investigation are objective of Khrushchevs words by intensifying the conflict between the real definitions of the meaning of communism, the renewal of the partys resolution and role worldwide. I will further know about the specific factors of communism that frustrated the United States to the point it did. The speech is limited in that although it represents the resurgence of communism, it acts mainly for the better ment of Khrushchevs political profile and for impair of former Soviet leaders which give the speech a biased tone and limitation. Furthermore, it also attempted to lead the party to a Leninist ideological overview which became an important shifting point from the old ways of the party. This attempts to change the focus of my research a bit and reallocates me into a completely new subject matter: the era of battle for power in Russia; in relation to the internal dynamics of the nation. D. Evaluation of Section B Both states sought to reiterate as leading roles in the common matters of the world. In essence, the two nations felt themselves in the pivotal responsibility of speaking out for their respective forms of government. As both powers emerged through the ranks of leadership, what came after WWII was the struggle for Europe. A new rivalry was developing not necessarily between their nations but with the nations regimes: Capitalism vs. Communism.[16] The United States felt the air of democracy threatened by the influence of the Soviet Union on various nations. In 1946 and 1947 the USSR conveyed Communist regimes to nations like Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania and Poland.[17] The United States responded by issuing the Truman Doctrine which encouraged anti-communist nations with economic aid. After the severe defeat Germany faced, the allies could not come to an agreement on the political and economic structure it should take. This division showed the ideological drift between the Soviet and We stern regimes. In order to prevent an economic ruin, the US came up with the Marshall Plan: an economic aid program meant to give the opportunity of reconstruction to Western European economies. Both the US and the USSR stood by to aid nations in need of economic revival with one condition: the rendition of their political structures. The battle for Europe continued as it also intensified in other parts of the world.[18] Within the internal dynamics of the ideological reach between both nations, there lay a continual need for political absolution. As in section B, their respective leaders focused superiority and intelligence in a war constituted by strategic diplomatic moves. As each nation attempted to become the stronger state, not only did they clash politically but there was also an economic race beginning between them. A mutual need for economic expansion gave way to a space race and nuclear arms race.[19] This rivalry again sustained itself on the grounds of dispersing the idea of international command. Key words spoken by Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev in his empowering speeches held still in the soviet declaration of international control and realized long awaited feelings of Russian merit. Strong words such as in his speech at the 20th congress of the communist party, which intensified Russian-American relations. After failed negotiations, during Kennedys presidency in the US, there were seve ral arms control agreements. The competition reflected in the distinct battle for international recognition with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Communist coalition of Warsaw Treaty Organization to counter against NATO. It was clear that US and USSR were more advance than any of the other nations in relation to their military power and resources, according to the stern damage others suffered. The dissimilarities between the leaders of these nations only worked to deepen the conflict, each straining to restrain the spread of the enemy structure. A competition for power stood before all else. The evidence which presented the differences in section B suggests that this was a war between world influences and character. The dispute which confounded most of the second half of the twentieth century in relation to economic and political differences suggested that these nations fought for more than recognition, they sought to be the infiltrator of other economies from which they hoped to benefit.[20] These differences make it clear that the main point of both nations was to have control over the international community: politically, and economically. The social sciences would back the belief that it was more of a struggle for the better advance militarization in hopes to force international command. E.Conclusion The cold war emerged as a product of the competitive, intricate technological and political reforms. The significant differences all lied in the political spectrum that surrounded each nation, along with their international aspirations which in turn is what afflicted one another. Beginning with their respective forms of government in an arising in political rivalry, the United States and the U.S.S.R attempted to dismantle each others economic influence on the international community. The significant differences ranged in all aspects of society, politics, and economics in the era. The main factor was in essence their respective political systems, which based itself as a ground for competition for international manipulation. Their drive for international command was also based on the level of military power displayed, in relation to the technological arms race that was developing. In all, the internal dynamics concerning the imminent disastrous differences between the worlds superpowe rs conceal in awe a mere exhibition of supremacy in the changing world. [1] William Dudley, The Cold War: Opposing Viewpoints(San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1992), p. 24 [2] Dudley, p. 41 [3] Abbot Gleason, Totalitarianism: the inner history of the Cold War(New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 215 [4] Gleason, p. 215 [5] James Warren, Cold War: the American crusade against world Communism, 1945-1991(New York: Lothrop, Lee Shepard Books, 1996), p.56 [6] Warren, p.68 [7] Ronald Powaski, The Cold War: the United States and the Soviet Union, 1917-1991(New York: Oxford Universiry Press, 1998), p. 315 [8] Gleason, p.133 [9] Dudley, p.87 [10] Thomas T. Hammond, Witnesses to the Origins of the Cold War(Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1982.), p. 255 [11] Warren, p.116 [12] Warren, p.223 [13] George Edward Stanley, America and the Cold War 1949-1966(Milwaukee, WI: World Almanac, 2005), p. 147 [14] Gleason, p.189 [15] Stanley, p.242 [16] Warren, p.119 [17] Dudley, p. 76 [18] Dudley, p. 54 [19] Powaski, , p. 209 [20] Dudley, p. 268

SNCC :: essays research papers

SNCC The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, or SNCC, was created on the campus of Shaw University in Raleigh in April 1960. SNCC was created after a group of black college students from North Carolina A&T University refused to leave a Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina where they had been denied service. This sparked a wave of other sit-ins in college towns across the South. SNCC coordinated these sit-ins across the nation, supported their leaders, and publicized their activities. SNCC sought to affirm the philosophical or religious ideal of nonviolence as the foundation of their purpose. In the violently changing political climate of the 60’s, SNCC struggled to define its purpose as it fought white oppression. Out of SNCC came some of today's black leaders, such as former Washington, D.C. mayor Marion Barry, Congressman John Lewis and NAACP chairman Julian Bond. Together with hundreds of other students, they left a lasting impact on American h istory. John Lewis was an influential SNCC leader and is recognized by most as one of the important leaders of the civil rights movement as a whole. In 1961, Lewis joined SNCC in the Freedom Rides. Riders traveled the South challenging segregation at interstate bus terminals. In 1963, when Chuck McDew stepped down as SNCC chairman, Lewis was quickly elected to take over. Lewis' experience at that point was already widely respected--he had been arrested 24 times as a result of his activism. In 1963, Lewis helped plan and took part in the March on Washington. At the age of 23, he was a keynote speaker at the historic event. He stepped down from his position in 1966. Stokeley Carmichael, a fellow Freedom Rider, was elected chairman of SNCC and soon after raised the cry of "black power." Some were alarmed by the concept of black power and many were critical of Carmichael's new approach. In the summer of 1964, SNCC organized the Mississippi Summer Project, which was an urgent call to action for students in Mississippi to challenge and overcome the white racism of their state. The Mississippi Summer Project had three goals: registering voters, operating Freedom Schools, and organizing the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) precincts. SNCC organized Freedom Days where they gathered black people together to collectively try to register to vote and Freedom Schools where they taught children, many of who couldn't yet read or write, to stand up and demand their freedom.

Explorers of Africa :: Geography

Explorers of Africa Mungo Park was a Scottish explorer who led one of the first expeditions to investigate the course of the Niger river in Western Africa. Mungo Park was a 23 year-old scottish surgeon who had just returned from a journey to Sumatra on a ship of the East India Company. There he had discovered 6 species of fish, and he had published descriptions in a Scientific Journal. In 1795, Park had gone to Piscina, on an offer to research further into Africa. Park had accepted and a severe fever overcame him during his journey. Park also had been captured by certain muslim leaders. After he had gotten out of the Prison he had wandered around and had finally found the Niger River. Park was amazed at how beautiful the River was. Park had stated "I saw with infinite pleasure, the object of my, mission". Park had returned home to London where became famous on his publications of his voyage across Africa. Later in 1806 he sailed downstream to the Bussa rapids, where he drowned, trying to escape an attack by the Africans. Rene Callie was a 27 year old man who was fascinated by the stories told about peoples travels to Africa. His readings of Mungo park also stimulated his fascination. Callie had entered a contest for the first person to reach Timbuktu and reach back. He had reached Timbuktu. During Callie's trip he did not find it easy to prove to the French Authorities that a young man with no experience could discover Timbuktu. On his way back Callie had joined a Arab Caravan preparing to cross from Western Sahara to Morocco. Callie had stated "I am the first European to cross from the sandy ocean from the south to the north". On his return to Paris, Callie was known as a hero. Later, questions were asked if he was telling the truth or not. Johann Rebmann Johann Rebmann was a German missionary, who was not like Mungo Park or Rene Callie. The purpose of Rebmann's explorations is to find a place where he might serve God. His most helpful weapon was a umbrella, which he used to fight off lions and would be attackers. Rebmann was the european explorer who kept a careful record of his journey. Together with his

The Odd Man Out :: essays research papers

The Odd Man Out Fifth Business, by Robertson Davies is a great piece of literature. Though the story was not always interesting to me, it is apparent that the author is talented. The story begins in 1908 in a small fictional Canadian village called Deptford. I think this village is very important to the story. The author describes everything one could possibly need to picture Deptford in his mind. This helped a lot in showing what the main character’s childhood was like. Later in his life, the main character traveled a lot, so many other places were described. I don’t think these places are as important as Deptford. It seems that the author thought this also, for he didn’t use as many details to describe these places as he did with the village. The main character is Dunstable Ramsey, Dunny for short. He is a very real character to me. The whole book is a letter that the old Dunny is writing to someone about his life. The way the author writes as Dunny is great. I can picture an old man sitting at a desk writing the letter. For parts of the story that have lots of detail, I imagine that the old Dunny remembers these parts of his life because they were important to him. For the parts he is vague about, Dunny writes that he would write more if he remembered more clearly. I think those are the times in his life that were not very important to him. A character that stands out a lot for me is Dunny’s mother. She seemed like a very kind and strong woman at the beginning of the story. She kept their neighbors preborn baby alive when the town doctor said he would die. She was committed to that baby with all her heart. Another time, Dunny took an egg from his house so he could try to learn magic tricks with it. His mother noticed it was missing, and when he would not say why he took it, she flipped out. She beat him to pieces with a whip for an hour, screaming the whole time. In my mind she went from being a kind woman to an hysterical fool of a mother. She seems as though she could not be related to this old man reflecting on his life. I think the author is showing how different children can be from their parents. The Odd Man Out :: essays research papers The Odd Man Out Fifth Business, by Robertson Davies is a great piece of literature. Though the story was not always interesting to me, it is apparent that the author is talented. The story begins in 1908 in a small fictional Canadian village called Deptford. I think this village is very important to the story. The author describes everything one could possibly need to picture Deptford in his mind. This helped a lot in showing what the main character’s childhood was like. Later in his life, the main character traveled a lot, so many other places were described. I don’t think these places are as important as Deptford. It seems that the author thought this also, for he didn’t use as many details to describe these places as he did with the village. The main character is Dunstable Ramsey, Dunny for short. He is a very real character to me. The whole book is a letter that the old Dunny is writing to someone about his life. The way the author writes as Dunny is great. I can picture an old man sitting at a desk writing the letter. For parts of the story that have lots of detail, I imagine that the old Dunny remembers these parts of his life because they were important to him. For the parts he is vague about, Dunny writes that he would write more if he remembered more clearly. I think those are the times in his life that were not very important to him. A character that stands out a lot for me is Dunny’s mother. She seemed like a very kind and strong woman at the beginning of the story. She kept their neighbors preborn baby alive when the town doctor said he would die. She was committed to that baby with all her heart. Another time, Dunny took an egg from his house so he could try to learn magic tricks with it. His mother noticed it was missing, and when he would not say why he took it, she flipped out. She beat him to pieces with a whip for an hour, screaming the whole time. In my mind she went from being a kind woman to an hysterical fool of a mother. She seems as though she could not be related to this old man reflecting on his life. I think the author is showing how different children can be from their parents.

Macro Environment of Zara Essay

Zara is a very big clothing chain from Spain. The chain was founded in 1975 by Mr. Ortega, and it now has more than 1.000 stores in approximately 63 countries – so it is a very big chain. However Zara has its biggest market in Spain, where they have 364 stores in total. They sell fashion clothes of a fairly good quality to reasonable prices – this also means that they have a broad target group, which we believe to be from kids to adults younger than 50, both men and women. Over the years Zara has expanded their product line heavily, so now they also sell accessories, cosmetics, furniture and perfumes Zara is one of the most famous and popular high street brands in the world. It is a brand from Spain and it belongs to the Inditex group. Inditex group consist of seven different clothing chains of which Zara is considered as a fast fashion brand which aims at low inventory rule; just in time manufacturing; delivery and sales, flexible structure, low inventory rules and quick response policy.(Castellano, 1993). The first Zara store opened in 1975 in Spain. On product manufacturing basis, Zara strategizes by manufacturing majority of their clothes in Spain and Portugal unlike many other top brands, which outsource them to Asian counties such as China and India. (Castellano, 2002) One of Zara’s key marketing highlight has been in in zero advertising strategy, it instead markets its product by investing their percentage of revenues in opening new stores.. Zara is known to meet the customer demands and they are flexible in adjusting to the changing demands quickly. They are also variable when it comes to product design; as it keeps changing once in four weeks. (The Economists, 2005) Executive Summary The main goal of this report is to analyze the environment how Zara wil be marketed and launched in India. Analysis shows that the main problem of the product is to in terms of making the target market know the existence of the product in the country and the competition of the current clothing lines available in the market. In order to solve such complexities, the solution is to implement strategic marketing approach in terms of advertisement and promotion to make the target market become aware of the existence of the product in the marketplace. In addition, strategic market planning can also be attributed as a better solution to ensure that the product will be introduced effectively. The only problem that is unsolved is to find a company that will commit to the distribution of the product. With this, it is suggested that the organization must be able to use a more effective market planning and strategy which will enhance the market value of the product. This paper examines the case of the Spanish clothing retailer Zara’s experience of and plans for further expansion into one of the fastest emerging markets in the world, India. It argues that given the unique distribution and production functions of the retailer that possible problems exist for continued expansion in the US market. The problems associated with this given the characteristics of local markets and pressures from rival operators’ means that a recommendation is made for an adjusted international strategy for the company despite its broad successes elsewhere globally. Introduction Globalisation has become an essential element of international marketing principles and it has been argued that one of the keys to success in global markets is the effective development and marketing of standardised products and brands (Douglas & Wind, 1987). Jay (2000) suggests that the development of Introduction The introduction of new technologies and globalisation has permitted consumers to have vast access to fashion and as a result, consumers are getting more sophisticated and demanding and competition between companies became more intense as every company strive to outdo each other to meet consumer’s demands. Zara is one of the example companies that had successfully managed to penetrate the international fashion industry and carve its name in the fashion industry. Zara fashion chain was originally founded in the town of Arteixo in the year 1975 by Amancio Ortega. Zara had helped its parent company, the Spanish firm Inditex, to grow from anonymity and positioned itself as the world third’s biggest fashion retailer, overtaking the US-based Gap Inc and Swedish clothing company, H&M with excellent financial performance ahead of these two rival companies. After its first store in A Coruna, Spain, proved to be a hit, this giant clothing company intend to seek for more chain stores to be opened abroad and eventually, started their first international expansion in the 1980 through Porto, Portugal. Since then, Zara chains have grown into retailing giants and until today, the company have almost 1000 stores worldwide. Being different and special from other apparel retailers, Zara is a vertically integrated retailer where it plays an important role in controlling the supply-chain, manufacturing, designing, and distribution of its products. According to Mazaira (2003), the company’s structure is consumer oriented and satisfactions of consumer are heavily emphasized. The achievement by Zara was described by Louis Vutton Fashion Director as â€Å"possibly the most innovative and distressing retailer in the world’. According to an extraction from an article, the company had also been described as a â€Å"Spanish success storyâ⠂¬  (CNN, 2001). 2.0 Zara’s Strategic Analysis

Joint Venture in China Essay

IN CHINA INTRODUCTION XYZ Limited deals in the manufacture and sale of various food products as well as other home products. Owing to sound management practices the company has made a breakthrough, manufacturing and selling a wide range of high quality products. Because it wants to capture a wide market, it has decided to enter into a joint venture in China. This has associated opportunities and threats. ANALYTICAL EXAMINATION OF THE OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABLE WITH THE VENTURE 1) SYNERGESTIC EFFECTS Obviously the joint venture option would result in synergy. The end result would be enhanced output since the two companies shall have pooled their resources together. These are machines and man power (expertise). The resultant production would surpass the individual production capacities of the two joint ventures. 2) WIDENED INTERNATIONAL MARKET The joint venture would enable XYZ to acquire additional markets for its products across the Asian countries. While operating alone, XYZ could only sell its products within Europe. But with the joint venture in China, and with a well co-ordinated marketing for their products, they are likely to capture a wider international market. 3) HIGH QUALITY PRODUCTS Chinese enterprises are well known for their high quality products. This is owed to the possession of and continual innovation of new technologies and new ways of doing things. They also have enviable workforces who are renowned of their expertise in the manufacturing sector. The Chinese enterprises are companies which practice total quality management as their key strategies. This is a management technique that dwells in improving the needs of the customers. It also aims at ensuring that every member of the organization fully participates in the affairs of the organization. The joint venture enables all and sundry to recognize the fact that quality is inevitable as an ingredient to success. Total Quality Management leads to the generation of policies that are of high quality and also the effective dissemination of such policies to every member of the organization. 4) BUSINESS LOCATION The location of the joint venturer i. e. at the central of the globe would also be a very good opportunity for XYZ Company Limited. This would make the two companies operate from a central point with the advantage being that one of enhancing the marketability of their products. 5) PUBLIC EXPECTATION The public associates a joint venture as a step geared towards satisfying their needs more effectively. This is due to pooled resources including manpower. 6) DIVERSIFICATION The other opportunity inherent in the small enterprise’s joint venture in China is that of diversification. They would be able to produce a wide range of products owing to vast resources. 7) FINANCIAL BACKGROUND OF THE CHINA VENTURER The small enterprise (European) has the opportunity with entering into a joint venture with a financially sound Chinese enterprise. The effect of the financial soundness of the Chinese enterprise on the small European enterprise is that the joint venture as a whole will not suffer from financial constraints. With a strong financial background, they will be able to even open up new branches and initiate new viable projects. In the year ended 31st December 2006, the Chinese company made a profit $ 700 million after taxes. The venture is also likely to benefit the shareholders as the dividend per share is likely to increase. THREATS ASSOCIATED WITH THE VENTURE. 1) LOCAL LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE A problem will arise when formulating policies, implementing the policies and evaluation as a result of differential in languages. Whereas the staff and management of the small European Enterprise recognize the English language as the official spoken language, the Chinese company does not. The staff and management of the venture in China can only effectively communicate in Chinese. This would greatly hinder effective communication that is essential in decision – making and policy formulation. 2) DILUTION OF CONTROL. Shareholders of XYZ Limited would be faced with this threat of dilution of their control. After the joint venture exercise they may not continue enjoying some if not all of their powers and rights. This is as a result of the joining of the other shareholders of the Chinese venturer in the entity. 3) COMBATING COMPETITORS Competitors of both the European small enterprise and of the Chinese enterprise would definitely react to the intended joint venture of the two companies. And they would do everything to ensure that they have countered the stiff competition that is likely to come out of the venture. The rival companies would improve the quality of their products as well as improving on creativity and innovation. This will pose a great challenge / threat on the European country because they will have to work on improving on their products in addition to being more innovative to avert such competition from rival companies. GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION /LEGISLATIONS Government intervention can be a real threat to the joint venture. These can be in the form of ultimatums from either the European Union or from China itself. The legislations can also be in the form of changes in tax laws which may not favour the intended joint venture. 4) INADEQUATE EVALUATION OF THE CHINESE COMPANY The small European country has not evaluated the Chinese company to see if it is worth entering into a joint venture with it. Evaluation can be in the form of trend and industrial analysis, taking note on profitability trends, changes in turnover over the years, dividend payments, the company’s earning per share. They have not also evaluated the Chinese company on its level of activities using such activity ratios as stock turnover ratio to determine how the company changes finished goods to sales. Other relevant ratios would be creditor’s turnover, fixed assets turnover. The other very important evaluation that they have not carried out on the Chinese company is to establish how geared the company is. If the company is highly geared i. e. it has more of borrowed capital than owner’s capital in it capital structure it runs the risk of being insolvent any time which would ultimately affect the European Enterprise. The European enterprise has also not established the real reputation of the Chinese company in the capital market. They need to do this through an evaluation of its price earnings ration vis–a-vis that of other companies in the capital market who intend to invest in the company. ACCOUNTING PROBLEMS A serious problem is going to be encountered in the preparation of the final accounts as a result of the joint venture. The accounting staff of the European enterprise must change /adjust to the new approach of preparing their accounts. The accounts must be prepared in accordance with the international Accounting standards on the treatment of a joint venture. In a joint venture, every transaction is recorded on a 50- 50 basis. Even the minority interest on each of the company’s operation will be based n the stake of every venturer in the joint venture i. e. 50%. b) The International Environment of Business enables one to know the culture in the environment that the business is operating in. the idea of IEB here is to bring to the awareness of the companies, the cultural environment and how this will affect their business. Cultural factors like religion will greatly influence demand of products. As some products may be liked by other religious groups, they may be an abomination across other religious groupings. A wider international market can be an opportunity to XYZ Ltd but owing to IEM models which stipulate in changes in the political and social – economical changes of the Business Environment, the widened international market may not be a reality. Economically, the joint venture may be operating in a relatively high inflation economies which might stagnate profitability. There is also likely to be a change in the tax laws of the foreign country and XYZ Ltd will have to experience such changes. Other economic changes that the two companies would be influenced by IEB are economic growth and employment. Economic growth has an influence on the demand for products whereas employment influences the supply of labour. The International Environment of Business also focuses on the Technological environment. Technology is a question of inventions and new techniques in processes, tools and machines. According to the IEB models, technology is an important area that need not be overlooked as it enhances efficiency through a reduction of the production costs, selling and marketing costs as well as administration costs. The joint venture must also emphasize on technology if they have to conquer the opportunity of high quality production that will satisfy customer demands. Technology would also provide better services to their customers. The International Environment of Business again focuses on the need of businesses to practice business ethics within the environments they are operating. Ethics commands that the business entities employ fair advertising and marketing practices, adherence to the laws are regulations governing a certain foreign nation and the observance and maintenance of high standards of conduct and integrity. Much as the joint venture will be enjoying the centrality of their business location and a sound marketing network, they have to put into contemplation the essence of practicing ethics in their place of operation. In conclusion therefore, the management of both companies would have to review their opportunities as well as threats and establish how the International Environment of Business models /ideas would affect their business operations. References Brandenburger, A. M. and Nalebuff, B. J. (1995): The Right Game: – Use Game Theory to Shape Strategy†, Harvard Business Review, July-August, pp.57-71 Coyne, K. P. and Subramaniam, S. (1996): Bringing discipline to strategy, the McKinsey Quarterly, No. 4 Gordon, I. (1989): Beat the Competition: – How to Use Competitive Intelligence to Develop Winning Business Strategies: Oxford, Basil Blackwell Publishers Hunger, J. David & Wheelen, Thomas L. (2003): Essentials of Strategic Management. New Jersey, Pearson Education Inc Kotter, J. P. (1996): Leading Change: – London: Harvard Business School Press McGahan, A. (2004): How Industries Evolve: – Principles for Achieving and Sustaining. Superior Performance, Boston, Harvard Business School Press Menon, A. and Menon, A. (1997): Enviropreneurial marketing strategy: – the emergence of corporate environmentalism as marketing strategy: Journal of Marketing. Vol. 61, pg. 51 – 67 Porter, M. (1980): Competitive Strategy: New York, The Free Press. Porter, M. (1998): Competitive Advantage (with a new introduction): New York, The Free Press. Peteraf, A. (1993): The Cornerstones of Competitive Advantage:-A Resource-Based View: in Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 14, pp. 179-191.

Adolescent and Predictable and Unpredictable Elenents of This Transition and Associated Life-Stage Essay

Abdallah. Ayda Critical Reflection Essay Introduction Within the context of nursing there has been a significant change in nursing in the last two decades, where nursing and medical knowledge has led to changes where patients can no longer stay in hospital and reduction in hospital beds. Professionals who are employed in the healthcare industry are dealing with acutely ill patients who are in more need of care (usher et al 2009). As professionals we must discover the nature that is offered to us by responding and using reflective thoughts to enhance the important aspects in society (Lauder et al 2004). And qualified nurses, acknowledge and understanding is essential for their practice to remain current, continuous improvement in reflecting on our thoughts, and what we do becomes Habitual to our practice (usher et al 2008). It is a necessity for nurses to use critical thinking as it helps gather relevant information to assist practitioners in examining assumptions and identify relatio nships and patterns (Parker & Clare 2000). We begin this chapter by exploring the concept of critical reflection and why it is important for a nurse, as well as provide an over view of the related legislation that requires the use of reflective thinking in practice by registered nurses, the next section addresses the Gibbs Cycle of what, why and overview of definitions of reflection. Nurses are becoming more aware of the need to utilize and improve their practice, as well as consider the political, social structure issues affecting it. (Taylor 2000). As changes are occurring with the nursing context it is essential for nurses to analyze and respond to different challenges. Initiatively, reflection is the foundation of organizing difficult situations when faced, it also is easily understood, if any problem aroused in the work place (usher et al 2008). John (1998), explains the description of reflection of when being faced with contradictions allows practitioners to assess, think critically and reflect on their practice. In addition reflection is a process which allows existence in acknowledge in the way nursing theory, for example can. Reflection is cognitive in relation to changes of things we do which is not a technique or curriculum element. See more:  First Poem for You Essay Reflective practice enables practitioners to learn from their experiences and what they do, how they do it, what they say in relation to their home  and work, in the significant of others and wider society and culture. Nurses who engage in some form of activity are set out by regulatory authorities indicate an adoption with the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council, (ANMC). Competency standards for registered nurses (2005), in the early 1990’s Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council, (ANMC) had first adopted the national competency standards for registered nurses. Establishment of the organization was in 1992, to develop a national approach to nursing and Midwifery regulation. To ensure and deliver safe competent care, the (ANMC) worked together with the state and territory nursing and midwifery authorities (NMRAS) to produce national standard. In relation, to the AHPRA’S Scheme, which came into effect of 1st of July, 2010, the operations are governed by the health and practitioner regulation national law Act, 2009 (QLD) and each state and territory. In addition with the national scheme, responsibility was taken over for the regulation of nurses and midwifes in Australia, and taken ownership of the national competency standard for registered nurses. The minimum care standards for a nurse in Australia are the 4 domains provisions and coordination of care, professional practice, critical thinking and analysis, collaborative and therapeutic practice. The domains of reflections which also include self-appraisal reflecting on ones own practices by feeling and beliefs and professional development. The domains have all been set out for the nurse to reflect on practice, reflectively and ethically (Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council 2008a, 2006). Reflections a verb which means to reflect on one thought (Hancock 1999). This might recall what one thinks and memories in a cognitive act such as overviewing identifying error. (Taylor 2000). Reflection is an activity in the guidance of an action before it happens. (Francis 1995). Rolfe et al (2001), argue that knowledge for practice that does not come from text books or lectures. In addition they call it scientific knowledge that practitioners pick up from everyday knowledge, reflection is the process of theorizing about that knowledge. In consideration, of the reflective views of recognizing strengths and weaknesses and my education enables me to make positive changes to my future practice by using Gibbs Cycle model. Gibbs Reflective Cycle ï‚ · ï‚ · Gibbs model begins with asking what happened. What was your feeling? This allows me to think what accured at the time of event. ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · What was my role in the situation? What was I trying to achieve and what action to take? What was the response of others and what they thought? We move from the second stage of Gibbs Cycle. ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · What does this tell me about my patients? What is the model is model of care I am using? How is my attitude towards the patient? What should I have done to make this better? Final stage of Gibbs model. ï‚ · ï‚ · What do I need to do to make things better? Question myself about improving patient care; widen my knowledge to improve patient care. Conclusion: During my research I began to acknowledge the fact that critical reflection is essential in nursing to enable to look back words on errors made in the work place. Gibbs Cycle is the tool in reflecting back on thoughts and actions accomplished by nurses. If we look back on what we do and how we do it, high care of patient care can be monitored easily without causing harm in the work place. (ANMC) embraces all nurses and practitioners to engage in some type of activity to enhance reflective thinking as it helps in gathering relevant and current information as it is part of the legislation. I feel it has come to my mind that critical reflection it is an important tool on reflecting ones thoughts. Perception of my role: Critical reflection has knowledge me to look backwards and think of things we do. It has changed my perception of nursing as my knowledge expanded enormously towards my role as a nurse since commencing my university degree. I feel I have a responsibility as a nurse to follow the nursing and midwifery council scheme to remain current.

A Pursuit to Compromise Happiness

Everyone that is living in the world we live in today are all making their best efforts to obtain that which we all want the most, happiness. Many individuals will pursue that happiness, while others manage to compromise that happiness. Everyone has their own methods at trying to achieve happiness, but sometimes they just cannot pursue it and when they realize that what they want, they cannot have. Their happiness will become compromised. When at the same time some individuals can pursue that happiness and achieve what they truly want in life.Other times those who pursue their happiness, end up compromising their happiness in the process. The image â€Å"New York, ca. 1962† can be shown to prove what an individual’s happiness can be like when it is compromised. With that in mind it can be determined that when an individual makes an attempt to pursue their own happiness, that how they pursue that happiness can lead to the compromise of what they are truly trying to find. In the image â€Å"New York, ca. 1962†, from the second I lay my eyes on the image the first thing that I see is the sense of being trapped in a prison from all of the bars and fences that just surrounds the image.This sense of being trapped and not being able to roam or act freely to most people is a huge compromise of their happiness. That they can no longer pursue their happiness or anything for that matter besides their own survival behind the bars. It is also shown that the wolf that is trapped behind the bars is clearly showing his compromised happiness by his pose. His head slightly bowed, and his tail down between his legs. Just staring out at all the people who pass by with their freedom to still pursue their happiness.Being trapped behind bars in a jail is almost always caused by someone’s pursuit of happiness. Someone tries to pursue their happiness in the wrong ways and ends up getting themselves into trouble that they cannot get themselves out of, and in doing so their compromise their happiness in the process because they will not be able to pursue anything due to the consequences of their actions. With all this said it can easily be shown that with some individual’s pursuit of happiness, if they take the wrong path of pursuit they can overall end up compromising their happiness in an attempt to pursue it.I have been through many small pursuits of happiness, some of them were achieve, but most of the time all my pursuits to achieve that small moment of happiness were compromised by the path I choose to pursue them with. The best example of this is when I decided that to achieve happiness through a new, sportier car than what I had because it had always been what I wanted to have as an actual first car. The path I choose to achieve this involved sneaking around behind my parents backs to the extend where I had no help besides myself and no one else but a select few knew what I was truly up to.The reason I had to sneak around behind my parents backs were because they didn’t want me to have the car I was looking to get so if I had told them anything I would have compromised my happiness. Although after I had obtained the car they were bound to find out eventually. Due to the path I choose to take it caused myself a lot of trouble on multiple fronts because due to me doing everything by myself I later found out that the car did have a couple problems that I was going to have to deal with which was just the start to the compromise of my happiness through the path I choose to take.The final blow was when my parents found out about it and had me thrown out of the house for a few nights. This was the final compromise of my happiness, just the feeling of having no one there for you if you needed them. This all backs up that in ones pursuit of happiness, if the wrong path of pursuit is taken to achieve happiness, an individual will actually end up compromising their happiness instead of achieving it.It ca n be seen through the image â€Å"New York, ca.  1962† that one’s pursuit of happiness can be compromised by being trapped behind bars by the actions they take to achieve they happiness, while they get to watch others still pursue what they cannot anymore. Also it can be seen through my own actions and experience that if the wrong path to pursue happiness is chosen, it can not only compromise an individual’s happiness, but it can even have an impact on their life as well and how people see them. Overall it can be said that through an individual’s pursuit of happiness, that pursuit can cause the compromise of an individual’s happiness.

The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Educational System in Ghana Essay

The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Educational System in Ghana - Essay Example This project stresses that one of the main strengths of the educational system in Ghana is the government initiative. The government is supportive of the education in the country and has provided many schemes and programs that are supportive of education, both at the basic and advanced levels. Further, these programs have also been instrumental in encouraging students to study. For example, the government provides free education to children of school age. The government has also opened a lot of schools in the country so that education is accessible to students who may be located at far away places in the country. The government had enacted the Education Act in 1960, which sought to provide free education to students. This report makes a conclusion that the educational system in the country is benefited by the reform-oriented mentality of the educational planners in the country. This means that reforms to the educational systems have been implemented, which in turn has improved the qu ality of students in the country. For example, until recently, the educational system was mostly based on traditional systems of education, which had its own drawbacks. The reforms that were implemented in the nineties ensured that vocational and job-oriented courses were incorporated into the curriculum. This meant that more students were able to make a living from the training that they received at school and college. Reforming the content also helped in decreasing the number of drop-outs from schools.

Design a testing method to evaluate and improve a troubled website Assignment

Design a testing method to evaluate and improve a troubled website - Assignment Example The site also has a problem in not being user-friendly or rather rich in content This site is hard to traverse. The clients with different problem such as facial injuries and skin infections cannot easily get information on the site as it does not have valuable info to keep clients informed and involved. In addition, http://www.ameriface.org/ cannot update itself in a timely manner. Webmaster has not been unable to provide it with changes to or responding to the clients  requests in time.  It lacks of control over its own information. the website cannot be static and boring when it has an active news service on its home page to update the website’s information daily. The news style should be engaging and exciting to clients and readers as well. Members who like to chip in to the success of the organization need to be given a chance to contribute and propose ideas. Constructing and growing an organization takes a lot of hard work and dedication. One of the projects is that the websites personally takes over is the news service. Each morning the assigned employee needs to deliver breaking news and conveying significant information to the members. In case http://www.ameriface.org/ club, some of the profits the site offers to members should include: chapter meetings, a resource rich website, news services and weekend Edition Bulletin. Be systematic http://www.ameriface.org/ requires that organization leaders should figure systems for their organization earlier. The website should be created to manage its own membership, its vision vision on choosing a scheme that can house their needs as the organization develop as this is the best decision each websites should opt for in order to achieve its objectives and marketing itself. The websites requires to use a tactical approach, Ameriface website should learn when and how to convey press releases. For instance, by incorporating the press release in the body of the email, attach it to a PDF,

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Interview - Essay Example of the patients sat at the waiting room while some who seemed weaker than the rest preferred to sit or lie on the grass outside, while waiting for their turn to see the doctor. I had just got to an area marked ‘Emergency Parking’ when a  guard  instructed me that it was a restricted area. With that, I decided it was time for my interview. I did not have trouble finding Dr. Johns  office  as he had  well  directed me where to find it. I looked at my watch once again and realized that I was two minutes late for the interview. I was just about to knock at the door when suddenly someone behind me startled me. â€Å"Good morning, how can I help you?† I quickly turned to  meet  a tall black man and  quickly  offered out my hand. â€Å"You must be Dr. John?†Ã‚  I asked him with a big grin on my face and felt  ashamed  when I saw his name tag hung from the left pocket of his shirt.  He was just over my height, probably about 5’8† and casually dressed. After introducing myself, he welcomed me into his office. The office looked spacious and well organized. His desk was parallel with the West wall of the building, and there was a vase on top, but the flowers residing there appeared to have started dying days beforehand.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Have a seat please, and what can I  order  for  you?† he asked me as he motioned me to a cozy seat next to his desk. â€Å"Thank you, I will be  fine† I answered as I took the  seat  and got out my pen ready to start my  interview.  I explained to him why I needed the  interview  and he seemed all hears as he nodded while staring at my notebook as if he could  read  whatever I was jotting down already.  I decided to  start  the  interview  immediately  since I knew how busy his  schedule  was. Dr John started by telling me that he believed he was the busiest  employee  at St. Mary hospital. â€Å"There are two types of administrators† he began while rotating his  executive  looking pen between his two hands.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"We have generalists and

Response Paper 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response Paper 5 - Essay Example The third chapter does not have ways gentle methods of controlling children in their â€Å"middle years,† but measures of living and comprehending a teenager’s way of thinking and behavior (Boston Womens Health Book Collective, 1978). This way, parents can assist their children in becoming the best of themselves. Bell emphasizes that this should not be achieved through fear or looking for approval, but through freewill. The authors’ guidance eases parenting by eliminating the struggling aspect. The third chapter entails real stories by parents and children, which frequently move the reader in terms of joy and pain. The emotional rollercoaster of the examples used eventually lead readers, especially parents, to learn that there is a kinder method of dealing with children in their middle years. The entire reading presents a communication formula for parents with children of all ages. This formula offers a combination of communication and behavioral learning skills and tools for parents. The tools allow parents to go further than their original fruitless response to a response that links and empowers children and parents (Boston Womens Health Book Collective, 1978). The problems children face during their middle years are not for them alone to deal with. This lesson pervades all through the reading. The authors emphasize the parent’s role in assisting his or her child in dealing with their problem. To handle this problem, the parent must first communicate with the child to learn about its source and effect on him or her. Acquiring problematic information from the child should certainly include realizations on the parent’s side regarding the child’s entrance into the public world. In addition, changing physically contributes to the effect or source of these problems. To help the child with them, the parent should consider

Interview project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interview project - Essay Example Discussed below are the answers given by the interviewee. The respondent stated that it is hard to say the particular industries that have been affected by globalization. This is explained by the desire of most industries to expand and offer their services to the whole world. According to the respondent, globalization affects everyone. The effects of globalization cannot be directed at a specific group of people. It is, however, the choice of an individual to decide whether he will let globalization affect him. To understand this, the interviewee stated that globalization has led to the adoption of a foreign culture, such as dressing and development in technology. It would, therefore, be up to a person if a person will adopt the changes. Most people, however, adopt the changes as they view it as a way to enhance their living. The interviewer explained that technology is the major contributor to the rise of globalization. Thanks to technology, the world can be said to be on the same platform. Development in communication technology such as phones, internet, and GPS satellites has fostered globalization as people now communicate with ease disregarding the location they are. The internet has also accelerated globalization from different nations throughout the world engage in communication. It helps in exchange of information from one person to another. A person in America can communicate with a person in Dubai easily. Such people can discuss business ideas that they can be involved in and in the end set it up, without having to travel all the time. Globalization has had both positive influences and according to the interviewee, which can be expected as we cannot only have positive effects. Some of the effects of globalization she discussed are improvement in living conditions of people, development of countries, an increase in the employment rate, and adoption of a foreign culture. In terms of employment and wages, globalization

Hyatt Hotel chain and its Internal evaluation Term Paper

Hyatt Hotel chain and its Internal evaluation - Term Paper Example The mission is to provide a change in the people’s live by authentic service of hospitality. The company under consideration focuses on their mission with the aim to become the most desirable brand in every segment they are dealing with. It has own franchises in the names of Hyatt branded resorts, residents, hotels and properties around the world. The hotel chain has the 549 portfolios throughout the world. Currently Hyatt has cemented its place across 43 nations. The chain of hotels provides luxurious services to its guests in the major cites of the world. Hyatt is famous for its design and features of providing meeting venues, art program, fitness and spa centers, signature restaurant etc. Hyatt is continuously expanding in different parts of the world through its chain of hotels. Its brands include Grand Hyatt, Andaz, Park Hyatt, Hyatt Ziva, Hyatt Hotels, Hyatt Zilara, Hyatt Regency, and Hyatt Residence Club. Hyatt brands are very prospering. After decades with the brands like Hyatt Regency, Park Hyatt, Grand Hyatt and Hyatt Hotel Corp recently the company added many more hotels in its hotel chain for providing extra ordinary service to its guests. The company is aggressively developing its business with the brand name Hyatt (Chon and Maier, 2009). It is the luxury brand of hotels presented in the major cities, premier leisure travel destinations. The company has positioned this brand featuring sophisticated luxury in a contemporary style for those persons who wants to get service in a filtered environment. This brand provides luxurious accommodation in an elegant style. It provides its guests the experience of specific regional character. This brand is positioned with well designed room for meetings and conferences, guests. Presently there are 33 Park Hyatt Hotels worldwide (Ford, Sturman and Heaton 2011). This chain of hotel is positioned in magnificent public place, lobby, dramatic architecture and multiple entertainment places and dining

Divorce and Our National Values Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Divorce and Our National Values - Article Example This emphasis may be in the form of the psychiatrist’s advice or may be reflected in classic American literature like Thoreau’s Walden, or laws passed to make divorce harder, and so on. Kramer goes against many contemporary psychologists when he argues this. For instance, Carl Rogers claimed in the 1970s that the best marriages actually increased ‘self-actualization’ of the individuals involved. In short, the greater the level of freedom and independence enjoyed by the partners, the ‘better’ the marriage. Kramer suggests that perhaps we should dismantle ‘self-actualization’ as the goal and replace it with another ideal: mutuality. Mutual happiness and care can be just as worthy and fulfilling a goal in marriage. Compromise may mean a certain degree of loss of selfhood, but it does not necessarily mean the loss of happiness or fulfillment. Another issue crops up at this point, related to gender. Kramer reveals how women are supposed to be naturally more compromising. We have been so socialized into believing these stereotypes that in relationships women often feel pressurized to be the pliant and compromising one. Since this is true for a large part of the population, the kind of ideal of mutuality that Kramer proposes might just work out unfairly for women and perpetuate greater inequality in marriages. To counter this, Kramer suggests that by fully accepting mutuality and not expecting only women to inculcate it, we can work towards a value system which actually supports longer-lasting relationships instead of encouraging  separation.

Auditory Attention Essay Example for Free

Auditory Attention Essay The ability to localize sound sources is of considerable importance to both humans and animals; it will determine the direction of objects to seek or to avoid as well as indicating the appropriate direction to direct visual attention. The precision of sound localization is remarkable, particularly for brief sounds or for those occurring in noisy or reverberant surroundings. While the most reliable cues used in the localization of sounds depend upon a comparison of the signals reaching the two ears, there are also phenomena of auditory space perception which result from monoaural processing of the signals. Localization refers to judgments of the direction and distance of a sound source. Like when headphones are worn, the sound image is located inside the head. Headphones allow precise control of interaural differences and eliminate effects related to room echoes. Using two ears we are able to selectively attend to sounds coming from a particular direction while effectively excluding other sounds. This ability is particularly important in noisy surroundings or when there are several sound sources competing for our attention. Our acuity in locating sounds is greatest in the horizontal dimension, fairly good in the vertical direction and least good in the depth dimension. Aside from this ability we are also able to judge the direction of a sound source and to some extent estimates its distance. Many everyday experiences indicate that auditory localization can be influenced by conflicting visual cues. At a cinema for example, the loudspeakers are usually placed behind the screen or in its center yet the sound still appears to come from the actor’s mouth as he moves about the screen. Similarly, the loudspeaker in a television set is located to one side of the screen but the sound does not appear to be detached from the visual image. Thus, it might be possible that exposure to conflicting auditory and visual cues for a period of time may lead to an after-effect in which the localization of sounds is systematically displaced. This may occur during experiments wherein sound may be generates from one area but a cue may say otherwise and given the effects of practice and priming, experiment results into auditory localization may not be valid. Early findings on the study of orienting pure auditory attention have yielded no significant change in performance. Posner (1980) did not find any advantage in the use of auditory pre- cueing of auditory targets. Others have failed to find a benefit for the detection of sounds coming from expected vs. unexpected locations (Scharf, Quigley, Aoki, Peachey and Reeves, 1987). Buchtel and Butter (1988) found that informative auditory cues provided a benefit in the detection of visual targets; however they failed to find a benefit from cues on auditory targets. Klein, Brennan and Gilani (1987) also found no benefit in the detection of auditory targets with the use of uninformative cues using both visual and auditory cues. However, the use of auditory and visual cues together on tasks has been promising. Previous researches on multisensory instruments have found that it can optimize performance rather than using one sensory modality. Recently Duncan, Martens and Ward (1997) found evidence of restricted attentional capacity within but not between sensory modalities. They presented streams of visual and or auditory inputs containing occasional targets to be identified and recalled, for two visual or two auditory streams they found that the identification of one target produced a sustained reduction in the ability to identify a second target. In contrast, when the streams were from both modalities, there was no such reduction in the identification of the second target. The results suggest a modality-specific restriction to concurrent attention and awareness. The results of this study have important implications for the design of complex human machine interface systems. Systems should be designed to take advantage of the spatial presentation of information to the human operator to enhance the detection rate of critical information (i. e. ; warnings). This findings support Rhodes (1987) earlier work on auditory attention where he reported that auditory attention has spatial constraints. He found that time linearly increased to localize a sound as a function of distance from the point of attention; he further proposed that even for sounds, localization is shifted through logical and topographical representations. Information presented in locations where spatial attention has been allocated has both faster and more accurate response in both visual and auditory modalities (Posner, 1980, Ward, 2000, Spence driver, 1996, 1997a, 1997b). Moreover, even if there is a limited human attentional capacity the nature of spatial attention across modalities suggests that if one modality is overloaded the attentional capacity of other modalities are not adversely affected (Duncan, Martens Ward, 1997). Thus, the best way to maximize this modality-specific restriction is to present information using both the visual and auditory modalities. Flanagan, McAnally, Martin, Meehan Oldfield (1998) found evidence of the usefulness of using both modalities. In their study, they reported that visual search times were reduced when spatially informative auditory information was supplied. They used a spatial localization task in which the search for a visual target was aided by either a visual arrow or an auditory cue. They found both the visual and the auditory cues aided in significantly reducing the search times when compared to unaided search. It is however important that the visual and auditory information presented are detectable and localizable. Hence a signal should be localizable when information presented is critical (i. e. ; location of threats such as enemy fighters, missiles etc. ) and that information presented is expected in that location will improve response time and accuracy (Posner, 1980, Spence and Driver, 1996).