Does Right to Life Include Right to Die ? Essay

The task work bears the engraving of numerous individuals, and I offer my thanks to every one of the individuals who have helped me and rendered their assistance in all the potential routes in a fulfillment of my assignment. No work can be effective without the direction and gift of older folks and this work is no special case. It involves tremendous delight to offer my thanks to my staff Hon’ble Prof. S. K. Gaur for his direction and incredible bits of knowledge which provided guidance andfocus to this paper. I express gratitude toward him for loaning his valuable time in making this task anauthentic bit of work. He consistently guided me. I likewise owe genuine appreciation to the staff at library for continually helping during the time spent discovering material and different hotspots for research. I am exceptionally thankful to my senior Mr. Animesh Kumar and all the people associated with the subgroup for their commitments and help with incorporating this task and the proposals that go with it: they are the result of an open, intuitive and innovative collaboration. I likewise thank interpersonal interaction site for looking through the necessary data in exact and according to required. How I can neglect to give credit and my fulfillment to my companions. My establishment and family truly bolstered me all through in my undertakings to which I am respected to thank. Insurance of Life and Personal Liberty â€Å"Article 21 peruses as: No individual will be denied of his life or individual freedom with the exception of as indicated by aprocedure set up by law. † The expressiveness might be contrary, however it has given a commitment on the state to guarantee great personal satisfaction and an honorable life to the individuals, which is the constructive part of the article. As per Bhagwati, J. , Article 21 â€Å"embodies a sacred estimation of preeminent significance in a popularity based society. †Iyer, J. , has portrayed Article 21 as â€Å"the procedural magna cartaprotective of life and freedom. This privilege has been held to be the core of the Constitution, the most natural and dynamic arrangement in our living constitution, the establishment of our laws. Article 21 makes sure about two rights: * Right to life; and * Right to individual freedom. The Article forbids the hardship of the above rights with the exception of as per aprocedure set up by law. Article 21 must be asserted when an individual is denied of his â€Å"life† or â€Å"personal liberty† by the â€Å"State† as characterized in Article 12. Infringement of the privilege by a private individual isn't inside the review of Article 21. Article 21 applies to regular people. The privilege is accessible to each individual, resident or outsider. Accordingly, even an outsider can guarantee this right. Right to Life: An Introduction The term â€Å"life† as referenced in the Article has been given a wide significance by theSupreme Court. Right to Life doesn't just mean the duration of a person’s animalexistence however a personal satisfaction. On account of Kharak Singh v. Territory of Uttar Pradesh, theSupreme Court cited with endorsement Field, J. ’s perception in Munn v. Illinois, and held: ‘By the term â€Å"life† as here utilized something more is implied than minor creature presence. The restraint against its hardship reaches out to every one of those appendages and resources by which life is delighted in. The arrangement similarly precludes the mutilation of the body by removal of an arm or leg or the pulling out of an eye, or the decimation of some other organ of the body through which the spirit speaks with the external world. ’ In Sunil Batra v. Delhi Administration, the Supreme Court emphasized with theapproval the above perceptions and held that the â€Å"right to life† incorporated the option to have a solid existence in order to appreciate all resources of the human body in their prime conditions. It would even incorporate the privilege to assurance of a person’s convention, culture, legacy and every one of that offers significance to a man’s life. It remembers the option to live for harmony, to rest in harmony and the option to rest and wellbeing. In P. Rathinam v. Association of India, the Supreme Court characterized â€Å"Life† as follows:â€Å"the option to live with human nobility and the equivalent doesn't mean proceeded with drudgery. It takes inside its crease a portion of the fine graces of human advancement which makes life worth living and that the extended idea of life would mean the convention, culture and legacy of the individual concerned. In Olga Tellis, the Supreme Court has accentuated that the term â€Å"life† in Article 21 isn't just confined to negligible creature presence of an individual. It implies something else and â€Å"the hindrance against the hardship of life degrees to every one of those cutoff points and resources by which life is appreciated. † No Right to Die or Commit Suicide Can the privilege to life be deciphered to such a degree which prompts its implosion or self restriction? That is, would it be able to incorporate inside its ambit the privilege not to live or the option to bite the dust? The wordEuthanasia originates from the Greek †â€Å"Euthanatos† got from the words ‘eu’ meaning great and ‘thanatos’meaning passing. It is the purposeful executing by act or exclusion of a dependant person for their supposed advantage. By one way or another the significance of Euthanasia is clarified considering self destruction while self destruction is, many concur, considered as murder with the exception of that the casualty is simply the creator. One of its sorts is helped self destruction which happens when somebody gives an individual the data, direction, and intends to take their own existence with the aim that they will be utilized for this reason. â€Å"The word â€Å"euthanasia† is to some degree equivocal and has a few potential importance. Henceforth it is proper to clarify what we mean by the term at whatever point it is utilized. With the end goal of this task, killing will mean the demonstration of completion the life of an individual from empathetic thought processes, when he is in critical condition or, when his enduring has become unbearable† Euthanasia is the deliberate untimely end of another person’s life either by direct mediation (dynamic killing) or by retaining life-dragging out measures and assets (detached willful extermination), either at theexpress or suggested solicitation of that individual (intentional willful extermination), or without such endorsement (non-intentional willful extermination). Automatic willful extermination †where the individual wishes to continue living †is aneuphemism for homicide. Uninvolved willful extermination is normally characterized as pulling back clinical treatment with a purposeful expectation ofcausing the patient’s demise. For instance, if a patient requires kidney dialysis to endure, not giving dialysisalthough the machine is accessible, is detached killing. Additionally, if a patient is in trance like state or on a heart lungmachine, pulling back of the machine will conventionally bring about uninvolved killing. Also not giving lifesaving drugs like anti-infection agents in specific circumstances may bring about inactive killing. Denying food to an individual in unconsciousness may likewise add up to latent willful extermination. Willful extermination and Suicide were obviously characterized for the situation NareshMarotraoSakhre v. Association of India J. Lodha expressed â€Å"Suicide by its very nature is a demonstration of self-executing or implosion, a demonstration of terminatingone’s own demonstration and without the guide or help of some other human organization while Euthanasia or kindness killingon the other hand suggests the intercession of other human office to end the life. Kindness slaughtering is in this manner notsuicide and an endeavor at leniency executing isn't secured by the arrangements of Section 309. The two ideas areboth genuinely and lawfully particular. Willful extermination or kindness slaughtering is only manslaughter whatever thecircumstances wherein it is performed. † Section 309 of the Indian Penal Code1860, rebuffs an individual indicted for endeavoring to end it all. There had been contrast of conclusion on the avocation of this arrangement to proceed on the Statute Book. The inquiry desired thought for first time under the steady gaze of the High Court of BombayinState of Maharashtra v. MarutiSripatiDubal. For this situation the Bombay High Court heldthat the privilege to life ensured under Article 21 incorporates option to kick the bucket, and the Hon’ble High Court struck down Section 309 of the IPC which gives discipline to endeavor to end it all by an individual as unlawful. Further in ChennaJagadeeswar v. Province of A. P. , the Andhra Pradesh High Court held that the option to bite the dust is certainly not a major right under Art. 21 and consequently Section 309 of I. P. C isn't unlawful. In P. Rathinam v. Association of Indiaa Division Bench of the Supreme Court,supporting the choice of the High Court of Bombay in MarutiSripatiDubal Case, heldthat under Article 21 right to life likewise incorporate option to bite the dust and set out that segment 309 of Indian Penal Court which manages ‘attempt to end it all is a correctional offence’ illegal. A five-judge Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court in GianKaur v. State ofPunjab,overruled the choice of the Division Bench in the above expressed case and has putan end to the discussion and decided that Section 309 of IPC was neither violative of Article 21nor Article 14. The court held that the â€Å"right to life† under Article 21 did exclude â€Å"the option to kick the bucket. † As seen by Justice J. S. Verma :â€Å"Any part of life which makes it noble might be added something extra to Article 21 of the Constitution however not that which stifles it and is in this manner conflicting with the proceeded with presence of life bringing about destroying the privilege itself†. ‘Right to life’ is a characteristic right typified in Art. 21 however self destruction is an unnatural end or annihilation of life and, incongruent and conflicting with the idea of ‘right to life’. Alluding to the heroes of euthanasia’s see that presence in determined vegetative state was not a ben

Ethical Concerns Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Moral Concerns - Essay Example A patient had been restricted in a private room in this wellbeing organization for just about one month because of constant disease with differing complexities. Because of her long remain and various research center, indicative and remedial assessments, her announcement of record arrived at a stunning sum which couldn't be quickly secured by the assets of the patient and her family. She had been joined by her little girl who helps by giving physical, enthusiastic and monetary help. Nonetheless, because of the basic condition that her mom encounters, their record was delegated â€Å"red tag†. Patients with red labels are promptly alluded to the Customer Relations Department who screens their status and intently arranges with the Accounting and Cashier Department for repayment and assortment purposes. When a patient has been delegated â€Å"red tag†, any technique (remedial, symptomatic, research center, and so forth.) should be quickly settled preceding the organization of the method, paying little heed to the need and the sort of the methodology to be attempted. The reason for this is to forestall further increments in the sum because of the emergency clinic which probably won't be gathered nor paid. The patient normally needs any of the previously mentioned methods to screen her wellbeing progress and to recognize and evaluate whether present meds should be balanced (increment or abatement in measurement and recurrence of organization). In any case, since this patient was at that point delegated â€Å"red tag†, and since the girl despite everything needs to search for elective wellsprings of assets to settle the stunning sum, the necessary normal systems couldn't be embraced. In such manner, being an emergency clinic with clinical and moral obligations to their patients, does their red label strategy negate adjustment to moral measures? In light of the hidden meaning of morals, one ought to inspect the principles that oversee human activity and

Sample Topics for Comparison Contrast Essays

Test Topics for Comparison Contrast Essays In secondary school and school writing classes, one basic kind of composing task is the examination and complexity article. Distinguishing purposes of comparability and contrast in at least two abstract works empowers close perusing and animates cautious idea. To be successful, an examination differentiate exposition should be centered around specific strategies, characters, and topics. These ten example themes show various methods of accomplishing that concentration in a basic article. Short Fiction: The Cask of Amontillado and The Fall of the House of UsherAlthough The Cask of Amontillado and The Fall of the House of Usher depend on two eminently various kinds of storyteller (the initial a frantic killer with a long memory, the second an outside onlooker who fills in as the perusers substitute), both of these accounts by Edgar Allan Poe depend on comparable gadgets to make their belongings of anticipation and awfulness. Look into the narrating strategies utilized in the two stories, with specific thoughtfulness regarding perspective, setting, and diction.Short Fiction: Everyday Use and A Worn PathDiscuss how subtleties of character, language, setting, and imagery in the tales Everyday Use by Alice Walker and A Worn Path by Eudora Welty serve to describe the mother (Mrs. Johnson) and the grandma (Phoenix Jackson), noticing purposes of comparability and distinction between the two women.Short Fiction: The Lottery and The Summer PeopleAlthough a similar major clash o f custom versus change underlies both The Lottery and The Summer People, these two stories by Shirley Jackson offer some remarkably various perceptions about human shortcomings and fears. Thoroughly analyze the two stories, with specific regard for the manners in which Jackson sensationalizes various subjects in each. Make certain to incorporate some conversation of the significance of setting, perspective, and character in every story. Verse: To the Virgins and To His Coy MistressThe Latin expression carpe diem is famously interpreted as hold onto the day. Look into these two notable sonnets written in the carpe diem custom: Robert Herricks To the Virgins and Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress. Concentrate on the contentious methodologies and explicit allegorical gadgets (for instance, comparison, allegory, overstatement, and exemplification) utilized by each speaker.Poetry: Poem for My Fathers Ghost, Steady as Any Ship My Father, and Nikki RosaA little girl researches her affections for her dad (and, simultaneously, uncovers something important to her) in every one of these sonnets: Mary Olivers Poem for My Fathers Ghost, Doretta Cornells Steady as Any Ship My Father, and Nikki Giovannis Nikki Rosa. Dissect, think about, and differentiate these three sonnets, noticing how certain lovely gadgets, (for example, phrasing, redundancy, analogy, and comparison) serve for each situation to describe the relationship (any way undecided) between a little girl and her dad. Dramatization: King Oedipus and Willy LomanDifferent as the two plays may be, both Oedipus Rex by Sophocles and Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller concern a characters endeavors to find a reality about himself by analyzing occasions from an earlier time. Dissect, analyze, and differentiate the troublesome analytical and mental excursions taken by King Oedipus and Willy Loman. Consider the degree to which each character acknowledges troublesome truthsand likewise opposes tolerating them. Which character, do you believe, is at last progressively fruitful in his excursion of discoveryand why?Drama: Queen Jocasta, Linda Loman, and Amanda WingfieldCarefully inspect, analyze, and differentiate the portrayals of any two of the accompanying ladies: Jocasta in Oedipus Rex, Linda Loman in Death of a Salesman, and Amanda Wingfield in The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams. Consider every womans relationship with the main male character(s), and clarify why you think each character is essent ially dynamic or latent (or both), steady or damaging (or both), discerning or self-misled (or both). Such characteristics are not fundamentally unrelated, obviously, and may cover. Be mindful so as not to diminish these characters to moronic generalizations; investigate their intricate natures. Dramatization: Foils in Oedipus Rex, Death of a Salesman, and The Glass MenagerieA foil is a character whose primary capacity is to light up the characteristics of another character (regularly the hero) through correlation and differentiation. To start with, distinguish in any event one foil character in every one of the accompanying works: Oedipus Rex, Death of a Salesman, and The Glass Menagerie. Next, clarify why and how every one of these characters might be seen as a foil, and (above all) examine how the foil character serves to enlighten certain characteristics of another character.Drama: Conflicting Responsibilities in Oedipus Rex, Death of a Salesman, and The Glass MenagerieThe three plays Oedipus Rex, Death of a Salesman, and The Glass Menagerie all arrangement with the subject of clashing responsibilitiestoward self, family, society, and the divine beings. Like a large portion of us, King Oedipus, Willy Loman, and Tom Wingfield on occasion attempt to abstain from satisfying certain obligations; at different occasions, they may seem befuddled with respect to what their most significant duties ought to be. Before the finish of each play, this disarray could possibly be settled. Talk about how the subject of clashing obligations is performed and settled (on the off chance that it is settled) in any two of the three plays, calling attention to similitudes and contrasts en route. Dramatization and Short Fiction: Trifles and The ChrysanthemumsIn Susan Glaspells play Trifles and John Steinbecks short story The Chrysanthemums, talk about how setting (i.e., the stage set of the play, the anecdotal setting of the story) and imagery add to our comprehension of the contentions experienced by the character of the spouse in each work (Minnie and Elisa, separately). Bring together your exposition by distinguishing purposes of comparability and contrast in these two characters.

English Legal System UK Civil Legal Process

Question: To be worthy to common individuals, I accept [the] legitimate procedure in prosecution must be intended to empower, first, settlement by understanding; besides, open and rapid preliminary if understanding isn't prospective. At the end of the day. Equity, not truth is its motivation. It is against rules of equity and reasonableness that the framework must be surveyed. (Master Scarman) Basically survey the UKs common legitimate procedure. Answer: English Legal System The lawful arrangement of each nation guarantees equity to be conveyed precisely and rapidly. Each individual who has endured genuinely, monetarily or intellectually moves toward the Court of law in its nation that ensures the victim or the harmed a guarantee of redressal of his sufferings. As the resident of the nation has faith in its equity framework and the standard of law, they cease from bringing the law into their hands and accept that equity will be conveyed to them some time or another from the Courts observing the satisfactory guideline of law. Subsequently, the legal arrangement of each nation has the duty to guarantee modest and fast approaches to convey equity to the resident of its nation without losing the genuine embodiment of equity, which incorporates decency, fair-minded viewpoint and equity under the steady gaze of the law. In this manner, the legal framework in the United Kingdom empowers settlement between parties by understanding and rapid preliminary in the ev ent that settlement by understanding is beyond the realm of imagination. Numerous debates that are heard under the steady gaze of the Courts get settled under the watchful eye of the Courts can accept its last judgment and numerous questions are settled between parties before the debates even precede the Courts. In this manner, the Courts are quickly reassuring settlement by understanding, as its a quicker and an increasingly effective method of question goals. The Courts proceed likewise to incorporate punishments for parties who are not willing to promptly follow the said approach of debate goals by making them at risk for expenses of the procedures which would be dispensed to the next gathering if there should arise an occurrence of settlement by understanding. Settlement by understanding is a consent to finish any contest between two gatherings by common assent following the standard of sincere trust. The equivalent is a genial method of settling questions and completion the case procedure between parties or forestalling the equivalent. It is become a piece of open approach in the United Kingdom to empower settlement by understanding. In the judgment of the case M. H. Detrick Co v Century Indem Co 299 Ill. Application 3d 620 the Court expressed that Courts will energize settlement by understanding and a similar will be given full impact. Settlement of any contest by understanding is allowed under the steady gaze of the inception of court procedures and during the court continuing under the steady gaze of the courts judgment. For the most part, the configuration of these understandings is as a Consent Order that is recorded as a hard copy which can be implemented whenever required. On the off chance that, of a settlement by understanding, the Consent Form replace a Courts Judgment which can be implemented and executed by either f the gatherings and which incorporates the request with respect to which gathering is obligated to tolerate the expenses. A few gatherings embrace the Tomlin request to settle their debates, which incorporates assent request alongside an appended timetable to it. The essential component of Tomlin request is that it allows the gatherings to remember such terms for the request, which even the Court, isn't approved to permit. The most huge change in settlement by understandings is the arrangement of Part 36 proposal in Civil Procedure guidelines in the United Kingdom. The Part 35 proposal in the United Kingdom manages decides that administer the way wherein Courts settle debates by understandings. It is available to both the gatherings to a question to make a Part 36 offer. In the event that a proposal under this segment is made by the respondent and the inquirer won't acknowledge the equivalent, and afterward petitioner will be at risk to pay a part of litigants cost if the entirety that is granted by the court in the last judgment not as much as what the respondent offered to pay. A similar standard will apply backward. Be that as it may, a similar will be granted just when certain customs with respect to the said offer is satisfied. One such convention is that the offer ought to be open for the different partys acknowledgment for at any rate 21 days. It is in the gatherings favor to make an enticing pr oposal to another gathering for settlement of debates and maintain a strategic distance from economical case. Nonetheless, offers made with terms, which are not palatable, are permitted to be disregarded. Each gathering before it chooses to record a suit in the Court enlists a lawyer. In this manner, it turns into the obligation of the lawyer to exhortation its customer on the accessibility of the choice to settle by understanding and guarantee their customers that it is promptly empowered and acknowledged by Courts as a way to illuminate questions. One essential preferred position of this method of question goals is that the procedure to accomplish equity is fast and cheap which each regular individual in the nation is persuaded to follow. Be that as it may, when the gatherings to a question are not prepared to acknowledge the settlement by understanding way to deal with unraveling debates, the subsequent choice accessible under the watchful eye of the Courts to convey satisfactory and fast equity is a rapid preliminary of the contest. Assume control over wrongdoings to rebuff somebody in the wake of experiencing the said individual. In any case, if the individual is persuaded that the ordinary framework in the nation can give him a superior and a speedier way to rebuff his guilty party, he will decide on the legal method to rebuff his wrongdoer that will consequently take out violations that happen to rebuff miscreants. Hence, fast case is a key to this issue. On October 1, 2015, the Courts in the United Kingdom thought of a plan called one-year suit target. This plan was implemented to energize fast and quick preliminaries. This plan proposed to end or finish up a case inside ten months from the date the case was brought under the watchful eye of the court. In the event that, a question between parties can't be settled by understanding, the Court will embrace the standards of the said plan to finish up rapidly any contest brought before it. Judgment in this plan is supposed to be conveyed inside about a month and a half after the preliminary is finished. For the resident of the nation to receive the legitimate method to battle each question among them, they have to regard the legal arrangement of the nation, which is just conceivable when the equivalent is good and brisk. In this manner, settlement of questions by understanding and an expedient preliminary on the off chance that understanding settlement isn't appeared will just build the regard of legal executive in the eye of a typical individual. Reference List Greene, H., 2015. Undead Laws: The Use of Historically Unenforced Criminal Statutes in Non-Criminal Litigation.Yale Law Policy Review,16(1), p.5. Hanretty, C., 2013. The choices and perfect purposes of British Law Lords.British Journal of Political Science,43(03), pp.703-716. Huxley-Binns, R. what's more, Martin, J., 2014.Unlocking the English lawful framework. Routledge. Kas, B., 2015. European Union Litigation.European Review of Contract Law,11(1), pp.51-75. Martin, J., 2013.The English Legal System, eBook ePub. Hachette UK. Sime, S., 2013.A down to earth way to deal with common methodology. Oxford University Press. Terrill, R.J., 2012.World criminal equity frameworks: A similar overview. Routledge. Varney, M. ed., 2010.The European Union Legal Order After Lisbon. Kluwer Law International. Martin, J., 2013.The English Legal System, eBook ePub. Hachette UK. Varney, M. ed., 2010.The European Union Legal Order After Lisbon. Kluwer Law International. Terrill, R.J., 2012.World criminal equity frameworks: A similar overview. Routledge. Sime, S., 2013.A down to earth way to deal with common methodology. Oxford University Press. Hanretty, C., 2013. The choices and perfect purposes of British Law Lords.British Journal of Political Science,43(03), pp.703-716. Greene, H., 2015. Undead Laws: The Use of Historically Unenforced Criminal Statutes in Non-Criminal Litigation.Yale Law Policy Review,16(1), p.5. Huxley-Binns, R. what's more, Martin, J., 2014.Unlocking the English lawful framework. Routledge. Kas, B., 2015. European Union Litigation.European Review of Contract Law,11(1), pp.51-75.

10 Ways to Deal with Final Year Stress

10 Ways to Deal with Final Year Stress 10 Ways to Deal with Final Year Stress By Jessica Kear Like thousands of students around the world, I’m currently in the horror of my final year at Lancaster University. So far, it’s consisted of multiple breakdowns; the latest occurred when I found out someone in the flat had used up the last of my milk, meaning I couldn’t have a cup of tea. I’m not going to lie to you, final year can be an exhausting, emotional, painkiller-ridden hell. This term, however, I’m determined to rid myself of all illness and get on with work as stress-free as possible. Here are the tips I’m following to ensure my survival to July (and graduation, yay!). Plan your studies via GIPHY We’ve all been there. One minute, you’ve just started back after the Christmas break. The next, you have four essays due all in the same week, and you’re sat wondering where the time went. The key to a successful academic year is to plan, plan, plan. Plan your time out by keeping a calendar or planner to store all your important deadlines. Start them all early, and you’ll find it helps heaps with those stressful last weeks of the year. Make use of all available resources via GIPHY You’ll never enjoy easier access to such a vast range of free resources as the ones available to you at university, so really make the most of it. Go to the library, read and take out as many books as is humanly possible, ask staff for help, go to drop ins, get career support, the list goes on. There are people there to help and support you, all you need to do is accept it. Eat healthily via GIPHY This is a big one, as having a nice meal can really make all the difference. I’ll admit, I’m a bit of a snob when it comes to food. I never buy in frozen food and tend to spend hours in the kitchen making fresh meals for me and my housemates. For some (like me), cooking can be a real stress release, and a time to take a break from constant work. If you don’t like cooking, or simply don’t have the time, just be sure to eat healthy. Eating unhealthily can really make you feel 10 times worse. Get enough sleep each night via GIPHY No matter how stressed you are about an assignment, I can assure you it’s never worth losing sleep over. A decent night’s sleep is the key to feeling less stressed, and I’d really recommend shutting off your phone or laptop for the hour before you go to bed, as this will help. Also, try not to do any uni work on your bed, as this can make it harder to go to sleep too. Exercise regularly via GIPHY Every day, make sure you get up and out of the house to take a break from work, even if it’s just a short walk around the block. We all know the exercise spiel about how it makes you happy, so I won’t bore you. Just try to enjoy 30 minutes of exercise a day, whether that’s a gym class, Pilates in your bedroom, or an early morning run. It will burn off the calories and also help with your stress. Don’t forget to socialize via GIPHY Don’t let your work consume you. Enjoy a cheeky night out every now and again, go for drinks with friends after lectures, or make time to grab a coffee with your housemates occasionally. It’s important that you allow yourself to still enjoy the social aspect of university. Enjoy time off with regular breaks from studying via GIPHY Everybody needs a break, and it’s not healthy for anyone to be consumed with work 24/7. So, treat yourself every now and then to a Netflix session, or, if you’re feeling extravagant, plan a day trip somewhere. You’ll find your work benefits tremendously from it. Plan a budget and stick to it via GIPHY Don’t let money be an added stress. Budget your money from the get-go and identify your weekly allowance. I like to budget my finances in an Excel spreadsheet.   Practice mindfulness via GIPHY Since stress is all to do with the mind, it’s important to make sure you look after your mind. Ways to do this include yoga, art, exercise, reading and meditation. Remember you’re always more important than your work. Surround yourself with positive people via GIPHY This is one of the most important for me. Mad shout out to my lovely housemates and friends who are always there to listen, give me a cuddle, or make me a cuppa when I’m feeling stressed. Try to surround yourself with these people, rather than unsupportive ones who are likely to add to your stress. I really hope some of these will help you deal with the stress-mess that is final year. If you work hard and live a balanced life, you’re bound to slay it and come out with the grade you want to get that job after graduation. Good luck!

What the Black Man Wants - 1100 Words

What the Black Man Wants (Essay Sample) Content: What the Black Man Wants (1865)Frederick DouglassUnited StatesWhat is freedom? It is the right to choose one's own employment. Certainly it means that, if it means anything; and when any individual or combination of individuals undertakes to decide for any man when he shall work, where he shall work, at what he shall work, and for what he shall work, he or they practically reduce him to slavery. He is a slave. That I understand [the Governor of Louisiana did when he determined] for the so-called freedman, when, and where, and at what, and for how much he shall work, when he shall be punished, and by whom punished. It is absolute slavery. It defeats the beneficent intention of the Government, if it has beneficent intentions, in regards to the freedom of our people.I have had but one idea for the last three years to present to the American people, and the phraseology in which I clothe it is the old abolition phraseology. I am for the "immediate, unconditional, and unive rsal" enfranchisement of the black man, in every State in the Union. Without this, his liberty is a mockery; without this, you might as well almost retain the old name of slavery for his condition; for in fact, if he is not the slave of the individual master, he is the slave of society, and holds his liberty as a privilege, not as a right. He is at the mercy of the mob, and has no means of protecting himself.It may be objected, however, that this pressing of the Negro's right to suffrage is premature. Let us have slavery abolished, it may be said, let us have labor organized, and then, in the natural course of events, the right of suffrage will be extended to the Negro. I do not agree with this. The constitution of the human mind is such, that if it once disregards the conviction forced upon it by a revelation of truth, it requires the exercise of a higher power to produce the same conviction afterwards. The American people are now in tears. The Shenandoah has run blood--the best bl ood of the North... This is the hour. Our streets are in mourning, tears are falling at every fireside... I fear that if we fail to do it now, if abolitionists fail to press it now, we may not see, for centuries to come, the same disposition that exists at this moment. Hence, I say, now is the time to press this right.It may be asked, "Why do you want it? Some men have got along very well without it. Women have not this right." Shall we justify one wrong by another? This is the sufficient answer. Shall we at this moment justify the deprivation of the Negro of the right to vote, because someone else is deprived of that privilege? I hold that women, as well as men, have the right to vote, and my heart and voice go with the movement to extend suffrage to woman; but that question rests upon another basis than which our right rests. We may be asked, I say, why we want it. I will tell you why we want it. We want it because it is our right, first of all. No class of men can, without insult ing their own nature, be content with any deprivation of their rights. We want it again, as a means for educating our race. Men are so constituted that they derive their conviction of their own possibilities largely by the estimate formed of them by others. If nothing is expected of a people, that people will find it difficult to contradict that expectation. By depriving us of suffrage, you affirm our incapacity to form an intelligent judgment respecting public men and public measures; you declare before the world that we are unfit to exercise the elective franchise, and by this means lead us to undervalue ourselves, to put a low estimate upon ourselves, and to feel that we have no possibilities like other men. Again, I want the elective franchise, for one, as a colored man, because ours is a peculiar government, based upon a peculiar idea, and that idea is universal suffrage. If I were in a monarchial government, or an autocratic or aristocratic government, where the few bore rule and the many were subject, there would be no special stigma resting upon me, because I did not exercise the elective franchise. It would do me no great violence. Mingling with the mass I should partake of the strength of the mass; I should be supported by the mass, and I should have the same incentives to endeavor with the mass of my fellow-men; it would be no particular burden, no particular deprivation; but here where universal suffrage is the rule, where that is the fundamental idea of the Government, to rule us out is to make us an exception, to brand us with the stigma of inferiority, and to invite to our heads the missiles of those about us; therefore, I want the franchise for the black man.There are, however, other reasons, not derived from any consideration merely of our rights, but arising out of the conditions of the South... I believe that when the tall heads of this Rebellion shall have been swept down, as they will be swept downà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ there will be this rank underg rowth of treason, to which reference has been made, growing up there, and interfering with, and thwarting the quiet operation of the Federal Government in those states. You will see those traitors, handing down, from sire to son, the same malignant spirit which they have manifested and which they are now exhibiting, with malicious hearts, broad blades, and bloody hands in the field, against our sons and brothers. That spirit will still remain; and whoever sees the Federal Government extended over those Southern States will see that Government in a strange land, and not only in a strange land, but in an enemy's landà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬That enmity will not die out in a year, will not die out in an age. The Federal Government will be looked upon in those States precisely as the Governments of Austria and France are looked upon in Italy at the present moment. They will endeavor to circumvent, they will endeavor to destroy, the peaceful operation of this Government. Now, where will you find the s trength to counterbalance this spirit, if you do not find it in the Negroes of the South? They are your friends, and have always been your friends... They are our only friends in the South, and we should be true to them in this their trial hour, and see to it that they have the elective franchise.I know that we are inferior to you in some things--virtually inferior. We walk about you like dwarfs among giants. Our heads are scarcely seen above the great sea of humanity. The Germans are superior to us; the Irish are superior to us; the Yankees are superior to us [Laughter]; they can do what we cannot, that is, what we have not hitherto been allowed to do. But while I make this admission, I utterly deny, that we are originally, or naturally, or practically, or in any way, or in any important sense, inferior to anybody on this globe. This charge of inferiority is an old dodge. It has been made available for oppression on many occasions. It is only about six centuries since the blue-eyed and fair-haired Anglo-Saxons were considered inferior by the haughty Normans, who once trampled upon them. If you read the history of the Norman Conquest, you will find that this proud Anglo-Saxon was once looked upon as of coarser clay than his Norman master, and might be found in the highways and byways of Old England laboring with a brass collar on his neck, and the name of his master marked upon it. You were down then! [Laughter and applause.] You are up now. I am glad you are up, and I want you to be glad to help us up also.The story of our inferiority is an old dodge, as I have said; for wherever men oppress their fellows, wherever they enslav... What the Black Man Wants - 1100 Words What the Black Man Wants (Essay Sample) Content: What the Black Man Wants (1865)Frederick DouglassUnited StatesWhat is freedom? It is the right to choose one's own employment. Certainly it means that, if it means anything; and when any individual or combination of individuals undertakes to decide for any man when he shall work, where he shall work, at what he shall work, and for what he shall work, he or they practically reduce him to slavery. He is a slave. That I understand [the Governor of Louisiana did when he determined] for the so-called freedman, when, and where, and at what, and for how much he shall work, when he shall be punished, and by whom punished. It is absolute slavery. It defeats the beneficent intention of the Government, if it has beneficent intentions, in regards to the freedom of our people.I have had but one idea for the last three years to present to the American people, and the phraseology in which I clothe it is the old abolition phraseology. I am for the "immediate, unconditional, and unive rsal" enfranchisement of the black man, in every State in the Union. Without this, his liberty is a mockery; without this, you might as well almost retain the old name of slavery for his condition; for in fact, if he is not the slave of the individual master, he is the slave of society, and holds his liberty as a privilege, not as a right. He is at the mercy of the mob, and has no means of protecting himself.It may be objected, however, that this pressing of the Negro's right to suffrage is premature. Let us have slavery abolished, it may be said, let us have labor organized, and then, in the natural course of events, the right of suffrage will be extended to the Negro. I do not agree with this. The constitution of the human mind is such, that if it once disregards the conviction forced upon it by a revelation of truth, it requires the exercise of a higher power to produce the same conviction afterwards. The American people are now in tears. The Shenandoah has run blood--the best bl ood of the North... This is the hour. Our streets are in mourning, tears are falling at every fireside... I fear that if we fail to do it now, if abolitionists fail to press it now, we may not see, for centuries to come, the same disposition that exists at this moment. Hence, I say, now is the time to press this right.It may be asked, "Why do you want it? Some men have got along very well without it. Women have not this right." Shall we justify one wrong by another? This is the sufficient answer. Shall we at this moment justify the deprivation of the Negro of the right to vote, because someone else is deprived of that privilege? I hold that women, as well as men, have the right to vote, and my heart and voice go with the movement to extend suffrage to woman; but that question rests upon another basis than which our right rests. We may be asked, I say, why we want it. I will tell you why we want it. We want it because it is our right, first of all. No class of men can, without insult ing their own nature, be content with any deprivation of their rights. We want it again, as a means for educating our race. Men are so constituted that they derive their conviction of their own possibilities largely by the estimate formed of them by others. If nothing is expected of a people, that people will find it difficult to contradict that expectation. By depriving us of suffrage, you affirm our incapacity to form an intelligent judgment respecting public men and public measures; you declare before the world that we are unfit to exercise the elective franchise, and by this means lead us to undervalue ourselves, to put a low estimate upon ourselves, and to feel that we have no possibilities like other men. Again, I want the elective franchise, for one, as a colored man, because ours is a peculiar government, based upon a peculiar idea, and that idea is universal suffrage. If I were in a monarchial government, or an autocratic or aristocratic government, where the few bore rule and the many were subject, there would be no special stigma resting upon me, because I did not exercise the elective franchise. It would do me no great violence. Mingling with the mass I should partake of the strength of the mass; I should be supported by the mass, and I should have the same incentives to endeavor with the mass of my fellow-men; it would be no particular burden, no particular deprivation; but here where universal suffrage is the rule, where that is the fundamental idea of the Government, to rule us out is to make us an exception, to brand us with the stigma of inferiority, and to invite to our heads the missiles of those about us; therefore, I want the franchise for the black man.There are, however, other reasons, not derived from any consideration merely of our rights, but arising out of the conditions of the South... I believe that when the tall heads of this Rebellion shall have been swept down, as they will be swept downà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ there will be this rank underg rowth of treason, to which reference has been made, growing up there, and interfering with, and thwarting the quiet operation of the Federal Government in those states. You will see those traitors, handing down, from sire to son, the same malignant spirit which they have manifested and which they are now exhibiting, with malicious hearts, broad blades, and bloody hands in the field, against our sons and brothers. That spirit will still remain; and whoever sees the Federal Government extended over those Southern States will see that Government in a strange land, and not only in a strange land, but in an enemy's landà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬That enmity will not die out in a year, will not die out in an age. The Federal Government will be looked upon in those States precisely as the Governments of Austria and France are looked upon in Italy at the present moment. They will endeavor to circumvent, they will endeavor to destroy, the peaceful operation of this Government. Now, where will you find the s trength to counterbalance this spirit, if you do not find it in the Negroes of the South? They are your friends, and have always been your friends... They are our only friends in the South, and we should be true to them in this their trial hour, and see to it that they have the elective franchise.I know that we are inferior to you in some things--virtually inferior. We walk about you like dwarfs among giants. Our heads are scarcely seen above the great sea of humanity. The Germans are superior to us; the Irish are superior to us; the Yankees are superior to us [Laughter]; they can do what we cannot, that is, what we have not hitherto been allowed to do. But while I make this admission, I utterly deny, that we are originally, or naturally, or practically, or in any way, or in any important sense, inferior to anybody on this globe. This charge of inferiority is an old dodge. It has been made available for oppression on many occasions. It is only about six centuries since the blue-eyed and fair-haired Anglo-Saxons were considered inferior by the haughty Normans, who once trampled upon them. If you read the history of the Norman Conquest, you will find that this proud Anglo-Saxon was once looked upon as of coarser clay than his Norman master, and might be found in the highways and byways of Old England laboring with a brass collar on his neck, and the name of his master marked upon it. You were down then! [Laughter and applause.] You are up now. I am glad you are up, and I want you to be glad to help us up also.The story of our inferiority is an old dodge, as I have said; for wherever men oppress their fellows, wherever they enslav...

General Daniel Harvey Hill in the Civil War

Religion and Its Effects on Children Essay - 1657 Words

Children are free spirits sensitive to many outside influences, especially religious influence. Religions have begun to strengthen their child involvement; this is why they have begun placing more emphasis on children ministries. If religion is a major part of a child’s life, it will shape who a child becomes and how the child is raised. Religion directly affects how a child grows up and how they perceive people and situations in their life after their childhood. In order to understand how religion affects a child, it is important to view the various situations through a variety of religious perspectives and approaches. As suggested by Don Browning, in Children and Childhood in American Religions, â€Å"A careful investigation of religions in a†¦show more content†¦Browning argues that, â€Å"even though childhood has distinct biological parameters, societies and social groups construct the meaning and nature of childhood to a considerable extent around powerfulâ₠¬ ¦ religious ideas† (4). These societies and social groups are affecting all parts of children’s lives, particularly their education. Education is an important part of many religions; some apply more emphasis than others do. Either way children are subjected to the pressures of completing high levels of education. Children subjected to the stress of academic achievement are the products of religious influence. The pressures of doing well in school are a major characteristic of religion. Religions are resolute and controlling when it comes to their prospective followers getting the best education possible. Wanting to control all aspects of a child’s life is common in many religions. They go as far as creating their own private schools to ensure that their children are properly educated. Browning confirms, stating, â€Å"Religions with detailed prescriptions, laws, and regulations for how to live are more likely to want to control the educational formation of their children by establishing alternative school systems† (16). Gaining the children’s attention at very early ages, with the schools grade levels ranging from pre-k to college level, benefits the religion at work. The educationalShow MoreRelatedEffects of Religion on Children, Positive or Negative?1296 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: EFFECTS OF RELIGION 1 Effects of Religion on Children, Positive or Negative? Anthony C. Antonelli Everglades University EFFECTS OF RELIGION 2 Abstract This work will discuss the positive as well as negative effects of religion on children. The factors of depression expressed through many published studies include: participation in religious practice, willingness to participate in illegalRead MoreVaccinations Of Babies And Children1623 Words   |  7 Pages Vaccinations of Babies and Children In today’s society they’re thousands of children that are not being vaccinated because of the unconcerning knowledge of the parents not knowing the side effects: long-term or short-term. A side effect is an harmful or unpleasant effect of a drug or a medical treatment. Babies and children are more than likely to experience an unpleasant effect due to their very weak immune system.Babies and children are not like the adults and the elders. When infants are bornRead MoreEssay On The Relationship Between Religion And Children Health1292 Words   |  6 Pagesit has been shown that religious adults are, in general, healthier than non-religious adults (Koenig et al. 2001; Lee and Newberg 2005). However, little is known about the relationship between religion and children’s health. In this peer reviewed study, the relationship between different aspects of religion (i.e. affiliation, importance, and attendance) and overall health status, including psychological health , of adolescents between the ages of six and nineteen are explored. Data pertaining toRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Illegal1135 Words   |  5 Pagesbe recognized and granted marriage licenses. I see gay marriage as a plague that only brings unpleasant consequences to society. Same sex marriage should be illegal because it alters the definition and the purpose of marriage, has negative effects on children, and is incompatible with sacred texts. According to Genesis chapter 1, the definition of marriage is the intimate union and equal partnership of a man and a woman. â€Å"God created man in His image; in the Divine image he created him; male andRead MoreInt Task 1 Essay767 Words   |  4 Pageshttp://ezinearticles.com/?Learning-Environments-For-Homeschoolingid=2286248 Wenner, M. (2008). Study: Religion is Good for Kids: Live Science Retrieved July 25, 2013 from http://www.livescience.com/1465-study-religion-good-kids.html Skurchak, G.( 2010). Homeschooling Effects on Children. Livestrong.com Retrieved May 2, 2013 from http://www.livestrong.com/article/178461-homeschooling-effects-on-children/ Shaw, I. (2013). The Pros and Cons of Homeschooling. Family Education Retrieved May 2,Read MoreThe Impact Of Religion On Society s Life879 Words   |  4 PagesMore than 7 billion people are living in this world, each person acquiring different characteristics, religion, and race. If each individual was taken and locked in their own cell, they would not be able to accomplish anything. We would have seven billion people, but a society would not exist. If each individual was freed from their cell, they would be able to interact with one another and share ideas. They would be able to share their differences and impact each other in positive and negative waysRead MorePurpose Effects of Religion Religion is something that can offer a person harmony and peace; it600 Words   |  3 PagesPurpose Effects of Religion Religion is something that can offer a person harmony and peace; it also can be a bit destructive as well as harmful to some people. For many people religion is a very touchy subject, mainly because many people believe that their religion is the right one and the rest are wrong. Personally I believe that this has caused many people to be divided. From what I have experienced, some religious groups often preach for them to stay with fellow believers however, our countryRead MoreAssess the Reasons Why Young People Seem to Participate in Religious Activity Less Than Older Generations923 Words   |  4 PagesShown in recent statistics, is that younger people, who are over 15 (as children under this age are usually forced by parents), do not participate in religious activity as much as the older generation – excluding the over 65s group, this is usually because they cannot get to church easily due to ill-health and disabilities. Brierley supports the idea of an older generation by showing that the average age of church goers in 1979 was 37 which increased to 49 in 2005, clearly showing a trend towardsRead MoreSame Sex Marriage754 Words   |  4 Pagesof its effects on children, its unnaturalness, and its religious immorality. My first argument addresses the effects of homosexual parents on children; and children affected by homosexuality in general. A child living in a home with homosexual parents encounters the problem of the lack of either a mother or father figure, which is important in raising a child, instead of being raised by both a mother and a father. Studies have shown that being raised by a mother and a father, children are lessRead MoreThe Positive And Negative Effects Of Uniforms1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe Positive and Negative Effects Uniforms have on Students In a society that is so fixed on obeying the laws of the constitution, one situation remains untouched. By the school systems making children wear a certain outfit in order to fit in with their peers, they are putting stress on each one of their individual rights. There is no proof rather uniforms work or not, but from my research I can conclude that it is in the schools best interest to not have uniforms. Forcing kids to wear uniforms

Discovery Essay - 758 Words

Discovery is uncovering what is not known. The core text ‘Away’ written by Michael Gow and related text The Pursuit of Happyness directed by Gabrielle Muccino simply implies that every significant discovery brings change, growth, and strong relationships. The characters that are present in these two texts face conflict, and learn how to overcome their problems through their support of family and friends. Therefore, they are able to evolve as a person and although the texts differ in their contexts, they both illustrate discovery as a product of self-actualisation, and an appreciation for our environment. ‘Away’ and The Pursuit of Happyness gives us an insight into how a character changes and grows as a person once they are faced with an†¦show more content†¦this part right here? This is called ‘happiness.’† after he had gained his stockbroker job. The long shot of his face conveys symbolism and creates an impact on the audience a s he realises how far he has come on his journey to the discovery of his job, which ultimately makes him content with his life, revealing how discovery is a product of hard work and diligence. The characters in both texts discover how strong their relationships are with their families. In the phrase, â€Å"You worry too much.† The emotive language is emphasising that Meg’s mother needs to give her comfort instead of condemnation. In Tom’s family, there is his mother and father, Harry and Vic. Tom always bonded with his family, but when he is faced with Leukaemia, he does not know how his parents will react. At the end of the play, Tom recites a speech from King Lear and he mentions, â€Å"Unburden’d crawl toward death.† This is a descriptive quote which conveys that Tom has finite time, and won’t have the happy ending of others. The audience would convey this as having a relation to ‘Away’ because it explores the dilemma that T om is faced in; how he will not be living for much longer. In The Pursuit of Happyness Chris maintains a strong relationship with his son and his wife. â€Å"You got a dream... You gotta protect it. People cant do somethin themselves, they wanna tell you you cant do it. If you want somethin, go get it. Period.† This is a meaningful quote. It is interpreted in aShow MoreRelatedDiscovery Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesDiscovery Essay Discovery inhibits the ability to embrace new beginnings and accept a sense of change whether it is found or forced upon an individual. The places you travel and the people you meet can emotionally revolutionize a self-discovery through unexpected but anticipated terms evoked from curiosity. ‘Swallow The Air’ written by Tara June Winch and ‘The Thing Around Your Neck’ written by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie break the inhibitions of vulnerability, as their ideas represented throughRead MoreThe Age of Discovery Essay1227 Words   |  5 Pages The Age of Discovery which began in the 15th century was one of the ground breaking time periods for European global exploration to Africa and India, and which lead to the ascending of European power. While there were many prominent explorers during this era such as Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan, Vasco da Gama is widely seen as one of the most successful explorers of this time period. He not only found the firs t all ocean route from Europe to India but he also solidified Portugal asRead MoreInvention and Inlfuence of the Microscope Essay798 Words   |  4 Pages The topic for my essay is going to talking about Chemistry and Technology, and has a focused on the invention and influence on the microscope. Chemistry has helped people look at technology in a different way, such as by the way we use it and how easy it is to find data faster. Technology has also changed Chemistry several ways. Some examples are finding new viruses and finding cures to prevent diseases from spreading around the world and. The microscope has been a very important partRead MoreEnglish Essay on Uncle Tungsten866 Words   |  4 PagesHow Passion Drives the Romance for Science in the essay â€Å"Uncle Tungsten† by Oliver Sacks Oliver Sacks is a neurologist who is also known for being a storyteller  ¹. Aside from his career, Sacks is a best-selling author having written twelve books up to date, all bringing together science and art  ². One of his earlier pieces is his essay â€Å"Uncle Tungsten† which combines passion and the love for science. â€Å"Uncle Tungsten† is an essay that shows how passion drives the romance for science, romanceRead MoreDescriptive Essay On Discovery890 Words   |  4 PagesDiscovery Creative I traversed across an eternal expanse under a cloak of darkness. A dark road, dark buildings and a pitch black sun. As I walked down Winston Street, I reached out for that familiar pole but found nothing to guide me forward. Voices around me echoed in confusion – through windows, through doors, perhaps right beside me. I knew you pitied me as I cautiously walked down the road. It was your gift to see the light of the sun, dispersing into a brilliant concoction of colours againstRead MoreDiscoveries In Dna Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pages Alaiah Andrews Bio1020 S03 Week 5 Assignment 2 06/06/2017 Discoveries in DNA, cell biology, evolution, biotechnology have been among the major achievements in biology over the past 200 years with accelerated discoveries and insights over the last 50 years. Consider the progress we have made in these areas of human knowledge. Present at least three of the discoveries you find to be most important and describe their significance to society, health, and the culture of modernRead MoreDna Discovery Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesthe existence of dominant and recessive traits. He unknowingly described genes as the ‘invisible’ factors for providing a predictable phenotype. Although credited to American-English duo James Watson and Francis Crick, the next milestone of DNA discovery was the work of a Swiss physician by the name of Friedrich Miescher. Miescher was the first to identify nuclein, now known as nucleic acid or DNA. Following Miescher, research exposes more information about the components and binding of a DNA moleculeRead MoreEssay on The Discovery of Penicillin897 Words   |  4 Pagesinside their wound, and infects it they will probably die because they can’t cure the infection. Before, there were some antibiotics that could help with diseases but couldn’t get rid of them completely. People had a shorter lifespan before the discovery of penicillin. For a while bacterial infections were the main cause of death in the human race. People died from syphilis, gonorrhea, diphtheria, scarlet fever, and even childbirth because they didn’t have a good enough antibiotic. You could alsoRead Morepai discovery Essay895 Words   |  4 Pages In the movie, Whale Rider, there are great examples of Joseph Campbell’s article, Four Functions of Myth, which are: mystical myth, cosmological myth, social myth, and psychological myth. In the film, Whale Rider, Pai discovers her sense of self as she reinvents the Maori tribe’s creation myth to save the dying culture. The mystical myth in Whale Rider would be when she rode the whale. Pai is suppose to be the new chief in town, however, her grandfather, Koro, does not think a girl shouldRead More Age Of Discovery Essay939 Words   |  4 Pages What were the Effects of the Age of Discovery? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Age of Exploration was a time of struggle and wealth for many European countries. The pursuit of a trade route to the Far East led many countries across the ocean, looking for the great spice cities that were rumored by Marco Polo. These countries knew that whoever found the shortest or best route would become rich, very quickly. Explorers from many European countries embarked on journeys that not even they had any

The United States Constitution - 2133 Words

The Constitution The Constitution is the foundation of the United States Government. Each branch of the government relies upon this document to dictate how power is distributed in this democracy and the people rely on the Constitution to protect them from the Federal governments power. Before the Constitution the colonies were divided under the governance of the Articles of Confederation. This first government was adequate through the Revolutionary War but afterwards the people needed union and a strong central government. The need for a government spurred men into action and the Constitutional Convention was called to develop this much needed strong central government. These men were known as the Framers of the constitution. Unfortunately not all was good at the convention. There was much debate about the way the legislative branch between the Virginia plan and the New jersey Plan and the debate was resolved with the Connecticut compromise. There were many more debates over things g reat and small but one of the most important was the debate between the Federalists and anti-Federalists about the ratification of the constitution and including a Bill of Rights which guarantees the peoples rights and protections therein. The combination of these many factors created the Constitution as it is known today, a strong central trunk to the United States tree that will grow new branches over time and let others fall to fit the needs of the people resting under its protectiveShow MoreRelatedThe United States Constitution And The Constitution Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States Constitution, this very detailed group of words was written in 1787, but it did not take effect until after it was ratified in 1789, when it replaced the Articles of Confederation. It remains the basic law of the United States then and till the present day of 2016. The first state to ratify the Constitution was Delaware; the last of the original thirteen to ratify was Rhode Island and since only nine were required, this was two years after it went into effect. When the U.S. ConstitutionRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States Constitution Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pages(framers’ of the U.S. Constitution) position on the Presidency: The framers experienced the abuse of the English monarchs and their colonial governors. As a result, the framers were skeptical of the excessive executive authority. Furthermore, they also feared excessive legislative powers. This was something that the Articles of Confederation had given their own state legislatures. The framers of the constitution deliberately fragmented power between the national government, the states, and among the executiveRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States885 Words   |  4 Pages In 1787, our founding fathers came up with a few principles that would establish what we now know as the United States of America. These principles were put on paper to serve as a guideline for how the United States would be operated and structured. This historical piece paper became known as the Constitution of the United States. In the Constitution, a Preamble is implemented at the beginning that essentially tells what the founding fathers set out to do. â€Å"We The People, in order to form a moreRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States894 Words   |  4 Pagesthe substratum for that country. A Constitution can be defined as a document that is the substratum of the country’s principles. Elements in the Constitution may contain sundry information. Which can include: how many terms a leader may serve, what rights the citizens have, how the judicial system works, etc. The United States in no different from those countries. Every constitution is different, no country has the exact constitution as another. The U.S Constitution is a four-page document detailingRead MoreThe United States Constitution Essay1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States constitution was written in 1787 by the founding fathers of this country. Now it might be appropriate to question why a document that is the basis of the government for one of the most culturally and racially diverse countries in the world, was written by a group of heterosexual, cisgender, rich, white men. Some might think that a constitution written well over 200 years ago would be outdated and irrelevant to the American society of today but with some research, it is quite theRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States756 Words   |  4 PagesPromulgation and Legislation in the U.S. Constitution: The federal system of government of the United States is based on its constitution. The Constitution grants all authority to the federal government except the power that is delegated to the states. Each state in the United States has its own constitution, local government, statute, and courts. The Constitution of the United States sets the judiciary of the federal government and defines the extent of the federal court’s power. The federalRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States of America has previously experienced failure every now and then. With trial and error, the country has learned to correct its ways and move toward(s) perfecting itself. Realizing the ineffectiveness of the Articles of Confederation is a prime example of the U.S. learning how to better itself. Subsequent to the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution of the United States was set as our new and improved framework of government. Possessing knowled ge on how America, although strongRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States951 Words   |  4 Pageshappening again. Unlike the artifacts, The Constitution of the United States has not been forgotten, it is actually still very alive today. Unlike most relics, The Constitution still holds a very heroic and patriotic implication, freedom. With freedom comes self-government, freedom of speech, religious tolerance, etc. With all these things comes the great responsibility to adapt and fit to the wants and needs of the decade. Even though the Constitution was made for the interests of the people ofRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1388 Words   |  6 PagesInterpretation of the Constitution is one of the biggest conflicts within the United States–the highly contentious issue of states’ rights resulted from two different interpretations of what powers should belong to the federal government versus what powers belong to the individual states. No issue has ever caused as much turmoil as the issue of states’ rights–but one side must have more valid arguments. Should the federal government’s power be superior, or should the authority of the individual states be heldRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1490 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1787 the four founding fathers of the United States wrote the constitution . The constitution was written to let the people of the U.S know how the states would be governed and also to stop the government from having too mu ch power. The constitution is divided into three branches : the Legislative branch, Executive branch and the Judicial branch. All the branches are based on the idea of separation of power in which each branch has a specific power and responsibility and don’t rely on

Street Art Street Artist - 1044 Words

I believe there are two ways of looking at a situation; you can focus on the bad or choose to see the good. Street art is a topic that falls under one of those situations. Many people associate street art with gangs, vandalism, violence, and other controversial topics. Being realistic, it is understandable why society may have this opinion of street art, but it also serves many other significant purposes. Street art can be used as a medium to voice political and social opinions of a community, and also spread awareness. Banksy, an anonymous street artist, is one of the most controversial street artist in the world due to his intriguing and eloquent street art. He is known for crossing boundaries between art, philosophy, politics, sociology, humor and narcissism. His impactful art has appeared in America,Australia, Canada, England, France, Israel, Jamaica and Palestine. Many of Banksy’s pieces, such as Reverse Pat Down, Comment Heart Request, Irony, and Graffiti is a Crime have expressed and drawn attention to political and social issues In Banksy’s Reverse Pat Down Piece he expresses the public opinion on police brutality. Police brutality is very large global issue today that is being addressed daily now, and affecting our community. There has been back to back stories about police terrorizing towns and cities, and taking many innocent lives. Pat downs and vehicle searches have become regular. However, Banksy created a piece of a girl apparently giving a soldier a patShow MoreRelatedStreet Art And Graffiti - Street Artists1296 Words   |  6 PagesStreet art and graffiti has grown increasingly popular worldwide in the last few decades. This is because street artists are given the opportunity to showcase their ideas and opinions freely, and do not allow themselves to be limited by regulations of the law or public opinion. 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In the film â€Å"Exit Through The Gift Shop† a film by a street artist named Banksy that tells the story about Thierry Guetta a French man who lives in Los Angles that falls in love with the subculture and films the life known as graffiti or to some people that love it, it is known as street art. Thierry shows the different artist and ways he explains how the subculture of street art is taking overRead MoreEssay on Modern Street Art vs. Graffiti933 Words   |  4 PagesModern street art and graffiti are undeniably tied together. Graffiti could be considered the forefather of street art in many ways- it has paved the way for the development of modern street art. Yet, while both are still hotly debated topics, street art is seen in a more positive light while graffiti is still considered to be a negative term. Graffiti is associated with the vandalism that the government desperately wanted to er ase. Graffiti has played a huge role in the development of street art thatRead MoreGraffiti: Art or Vandalism Essay examples1453 Words   |  6 Pagesargue that there is a fine distinction between what is recognized as art and vandalism. The individual is often faced with uncertainty when the topic of graffiti arises. The public often portray graffiti as a destructive act towards his or her surroundings however; graffiti can also be considered a form of self-expression. Many questions can be made pertaining to the graffiti movement, but the main question is graffiti a crime or an art? The answers lie in the complex phrase of â€Å"beauty is in the eyeRead MoreTaking a Look at Street Art977 Words   |  4 Pagestheir art everywhere we go. On billboards, painted over some expensive advertising or a blank canvas big enough for the entire world to admire. On buildings, where some tenants don’t care, but the ones who take pride in their surroundings want something done about i t. On vehicles, like moving trucks and abandoned cars. They want you to see their art in motion. On sidewalks, under or on the side of bridges and freeways. To some, it’s vandalism, to others, it tells a story and lets the artist expressRead MoreGraffiti And Street Art Museum1650 Words   |  7 Pageswaiting for on a train, the mobile art museum known as graffiti passes you. Graffiti has been integrated into the everyday life regardless of city size or laws. By definition, graffiti is any type of writing or drawing scribbled, scratched or sprayed onto a surface in public. Freehanded graffiti has evolved into a premeditated version known as street art. Graffiti and street art allows artists worldwide to express themselves in their entirety. However, these forms of art are considered vandalism because

Jacqueline free essay sample

There I stood kneeling before a concrete slab waiting eagerly for a response that never came. It never mattered how much I cried or how much I begged, she never answered. I kissed the stone that stood between my sister’s bones and me. â€Å"I need you,† I whispered as I got up, and walked away tears raining down my face. It must have been the beginning of March because the bitter cold of winter was beginning to recede. The barren trees still glistened with the left over snow like twinkling diamonds beautiful and all alone. The schools had just announced spring break and all I could think about was how ominous the air felt as it spiraled through my bedroom window. My brother had gone out and that feeling persisted all throughout that dark night. It was a penetrating feeling that came over me it made me shutter as it pulled through my bones. We will write a custom essay sample on Jacqueline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the corner on my shelf there is a framed photograph of a beautiful little girl with green emerald eyes. An overwhelming need to hold the image came over me and I grabbed it and placed it on my heart I knew it was a sign. The phone rang in that moment and my heart dropped. I knew immediately something was wrong. A police officer was on the other line his voice was so calm and I did not understand why. The officer had said that my brother was found on the frozen ground unconscious. I did not know how to react, how to respond, so I became strong. I walled up my emotions and stood by my mom who had already lost a child. We could not lose my brother. I love him so much. He is my blood my rock. I ran up to his immobile body and I grabbed his scarred and scraped head and I cradled it in my arms and I told him I needed him. I kissed him and I promised to protect him no matter what. Here I am all grown up and ready to begin my life kneeling before a stone slab in the middle of a cold icy cemetery. Looking to my angel for guidance, comfort, and strength, because of her I know who I am and who I want to be. I rose up and kissed the stone in front of me, where we laid the body of an angel. She died so young, so helpless only ten days old. My Jacqueline, my sister, taught me that a child is vulnerable and innocent and every life is precious. Through child social work I can try my best to heal the hearts of children who were victims of circumstances beyond their control. That is why my angel was here on this earth for such a short period of time. To change lives.

Domestic Violence Among Abused Women in Australia-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theDomestic Violence Among Abused Women in Australia. Answer: Introduction The domestic violence is a major health issue in the Australian population. The family and domestic violence occur across socioeconomic and demographic groups and in all ages however it mainly affects the children and women. The women at high risk of experiencing domestic violence include the young, pregnant and indigenous women. Furthermore, the women with disabilities or those experiencing financial hardships are at most risk. This study is therefore conducted to with the aim of highlighting various viewpoints of women experiencing domestic violence in their abusive relationship. Literature The domestic violence refers to violence that takes place between two people in intimate relationship in a domestic setting. The violence against women is on rise in Australia and has huge economic and social impacts to both individual and the society (Mears, 2003). The encouraging part is that the social problem can be prevented. However, in order to institute efficient measures to prevent violence against women, there is need to understand the social problem. There is numerous gender based violence that cause sexual, psychological and physical harm to women. The violence against women has profound effect on their health and contribute to deaths, illness and disabilities in women (Garcia-Moreno Watts, 2011). It is also reported that domestic violence against women is one of the largest contributing factor homelessness for women around the world (Sokoloff Dupont, 2005). The combined cost associated with violence against women in Australia is more than $21 billion a year (Cobiac et al., 2009). The children who see their mother experience violence are likely to be harmed. The behavioral, social and emotional development of the child is negatively affected. The report by Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) further indicate that women are likely to experience more violence in previous partner compared to current partner. It has been suggested that broader attitudes towards women need to be changed in order to address this social problem. The stigma associated with issue prevent women from reporting to relevant authorities. ABS statistics further indicate that women preferred reporting violence only after separation. 92% of women in relationship were experiencing violence (Loxton, Schofield Hussain, 2006). The violence against women is on rise in Australia. Very few cases are reported in the media yet the problem continues in the families thus little attention has been given to the issue by the general public. The recent reports indicate that women have the highest violence by partner (17%) compared to males (6%) (Loxton, Schofield Hussain, 2006). In 2016 alone, over 1.6 million women reported domestic violence. The domestic violence is therefore a major issue that need to be addressed in conjunction with other cases such as child abuse and rape. Though there have been many measures put in place to combat the issue, surprisingly domestic violence directed against women still remain high among other social problems (Hegarty, Hindmarsh Gilles, 2000). There are Acts put in place, however there is need to investigate loopholes in the legal system that has resulted in failure of the Act to protect the victims. Though domestic violence has been reported as main social problem, there is luc k of studies indicating efficacy of approaches put in place to fight violence. Furthermore, the causes and consequences of domestic violence against women in Australian context is still under-researched. Research questions How does the domestic violence impact the life of the abused women? This question will help in exploring various consequences of domestic violence in Australia that is experienced by abused women. This question will further help in assessing the influence of culture and religion in womens perception of abuse. The impacts of domestic violence of womens emotional being in relation to social, psychological and physical dimension will be answered by this question. What barriers prevent women from disclosing abuse and seeking help outside? The domestic violence against women are largely under-reported in Australia. This question will reveal underlying reasons why women prefer not to report abuse they have experienced. Previous studies conducted in Africa indicated that victims hide the problem in order to avoid shame and the belief in privacy of the family (Kim et al., 2007) What are the needs of abused women in order to provide support? This will help in identifying needs and support to be offered by social service providers thus help in informing better serve the abused women in future. Methodological framework This study will adopt explorative and descriptive approach. Explorative study is believed to be best when dealing with issued whose information is little known (Auramo, Kauremaa Tanskanen, 2005). This is in view that that domestic violence against women in Australia is under-researched. The explorative approach using qualitative research methodology will therefore suit the current study. The qualitative approach that is adopted for this research is the use of semi-structured interview with the victims. Methods Due to sensitivity of the matter, the participant will be recruited through non-probability sampling technique where purposive sample type will be employed. This would be achieved by approaching the organizations that work with the abused women. The ethical approval will be obtained from the university and the government agency. After ethical approval 20 respondent will be identified and qualitative interview conducted with respondents for 30 minutes each. The face-t-face interviews confined to themes of study will helped in understanding experiences of abused women. The qualitative analysis will be adopted where thematic approach will be used to describe impact of violence on women, barriers to reporting the issue and needs and support for helping abused women. References Auramo, J., Kauremaa, J., Tanskanen, K. (2005). Benefits of IT in supply chain management: an explorative study of progressive companies.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,35(2), 82-100. Cobiac, L., Vos, T., Doran, C., Wallace, A. (2009). Cost?effectiveness of interventions to prevent alcohol?related disease and injury in Australia.Addiction,104(10), 1646-1655. Garcia-Moreno, C., Watts, C. (2011). Violence against women: an urgent public health priority.Bulletin of the World Health Organization,89(1), 2-2. Hegarty, K., Hindmarsh, E. D., Gilles, M. T. (2000). Domestic violence in Australia: definition, prevalence and nature of presentation in clinical practice.The Medical Journal of Australia,173(7), 363-367. Kim, J. C., Watts, C. H., Hargreaves, J. R., Ndhlovu, L. X., Phetla, G., Morison, L. A., ... Pronyk, P. (2007). Understanding the impact of a microfinance-based intervention on womens empowerment and the reduction of intimate partner violence in South Africa.American journal of public health,97(10), 1794-1802. Loxton, D., Schofield, M., Hussain, R. (2006). Psychological health in midlife among women who have ever lived with a violent partner or spouse.Journal of interpersonal violence,21(8), 1092-1107. Mears, J. (2003). Survival is not enough: Violence against older women in Australia.Violence against women,9(12), 1478-1489. Sokoloff, N. J., Dupont, I. (2005). Domestic violence at the intersections of race, class, and gender: Challenges and contributions to understanding violence against marginalized women in diverse communities.Violence against women,11(1), 38-64.

Correcting ielts Essay Samples With Correction

Correcting ielts Essay Samples With CorrectionMany individuals like to use its essay samples with correction, and yet, most will not realize it until it is too late. I have had clients who have worked with an its tutor for many years, yet, they find out they have taken incorrect information and changed the subject matter.Now, this type of thing is nothing that the tutor didn't tell you about, but unfortunately, it's just too late. If you are already taking tests, then you may find that this is a very important fact. You really need to be cautious and learn how to keep your eye on the prize.There are many strategies that you can use when taking ielts, and most of them can work. What you want to do is go through the information again, or more accurately, read it through a few times, and make sure that you understand the full meaning of the material. When you see that the section is unfamiliar to you, then you need to make sure that you read over the complete content again, and then aga in.It is a good idea to work on your tests skills in a quiet environment. You don't want to spend too much time thinking about it. The problem is that people get absorbed in the whole ielts process and they forget to relax. So you want to make sure that you don't get caught up in the entire process, and that you are able to focus your mind back on what you are studying.Correction is important in ielts, and you really want to be sure that you're not going to be taken by surprise. With the new section, you need to be very aware of the correct spelling of all terms and all subjects. It may sound obvious, but just because you do something doesn't mean that you should always do it.When you are working on ielts, you need to make sure that you understand the objectives of the test, and that you understand the type of material that will be presented. This is so that you can apply the material you have learned in your essays. Knowing this is really important, and once you have this knowledge , then you can apply it when taking the test.The last thing you want to remember is that the short essays will be graded on the particular topic that they are based on. Therefore, it would be quite helpful if you make sure that you know the specific types of topics that will be present in the essay samples.With this information, you should be able to take the test and get through it quickly, and then you will be well on your way to passing your ielts. Good luck!

James Watt Essay Example

James Watt Essay James Watt is one of the most acclaimed personalities in physics. His work became a helpful contribution during the Industrial Revolution, which later became the bedrock of innovation in machineries.He is popularly accredited for his invention of the steam engine. In fact he modified the engine of   Thomas Newcomen to the extent that it became a practical, efficient machine capable of application to a variety of industrial tasks.Watts engine focused on the conversion of heat to mechanical work. It helped improve the understanding on the efficiency of heat engines which led to the development of the field of physics called thermodynamics.(http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/James_Watt)James Watt was born in Greenock, Scotland on January 19, 1736 to a chandler and joiner. Throughout his life he suffered serious attacks of migraines and toothaches,and at school both his peers and teachers took a poor view of this weakness. (Porter, Ogilve, 2000) He was a thin and weakly child. A t grammar school, he fell in love with mathematics, but the recurrent attacks of migraine led him to stop going to school, so he devoted his time working in his fathers workshop instead. Watt felt happy with working in his fathers workshop so much that he did not go back to school.Watt learned carpentry from his father. His father primarily worked in shipbuilding and he taught Watt on how to build ships and crafts. Soon, Watt developed great skill in ship navigation, quadrants, telescopes, and compasses, and by his mid-teens he wanted to become an instrument maker. (Porter, Ogilve, 2000)His father was supportive of him. Unfortunately, there was no opportunity for Watt to train in making instruments in Greenock because there were no instrument-makers there, so on advice, Watt went to Glasgow, Scotland in 1754, in an attempt to become an apprentice in instrument making. In Glasgow,   he worked with an optician and worked as an odd-job man for a year. (Porter, Ogilve, 2000)In Glasgow , Watt became acquainted with a scientist named Robert Dick. (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)Robert Dick, a university scientist, was impressed with Watts basic skills and knowledge in instrument making that he advised Watt to further   hone his skills in this trade in London.In London, Watt discovered that he could not get an apprenticeship because   the instrument makers protected their trade by rules of a body known as the Worshipful Company of Clock-makers. The only employment was for fully-trained instrument makers or trainees serving seven-year apprenticeships. Eventually, he was able to secure a position through unusual conditions. John Morgan, an instrument maker in London, set aside the rules and   took him in to be his apprentice on the condition that Watt would be given only a meager salary. (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)With John Morgan, Watt learned the skills of instrument-making. John Morgan was   impressed with Wa tt that he agreed to shorten the period of apprenticeship from the required period of seven-years to a period of one year. Watt took the offer in 1755. (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)Watt worked with vigor and passion. He was so devoted with his goal to be an instument-maker that he spent much of his time working and learning the art of instrument-making. During the period of his apprenticeship with John Morgan, Watt was able to surpass the skills of the official apprentice who was already working there for two years. He was so dedicated with his job that he worked 10 hours a day. After hours, he worked for a small amount of cash because the wage he received as an apprentice was not enough.(Porter, Ogilve, 2000)Watts health deteriorated because he spent long hours working with only a small amount of food. During this time, Britain was at war with France, and the military would force into service any able-bodied men. Watt avoided the streets for this reason and this contributed to the further deterioration of his health. Yet he persevered and was able to finish his apprenticeship until illness forced him to return to Greenock in 1756. (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)After recovery, he set up a business as an instrument maker in Glasgow, but found that the other instrument makers shunned his credentials and training. However, the university professors recognized his abilities and encouraged him to work in the university. They agreed for Watt to set up a shop within its grounds and they created the position, â€Å"Mathematical Instrument Maker to the University. (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)In 1757, he worked in Glasgow University where he proudly described himself as â€Å"Instrument Maker to Glasgow University. (Porter, Ogilve, 2000)It was in this period that he developed the steam engine.During the Industrial Revolution in the years 1760 to 1830,   the economy of most part of Europe chan ged and the progress of developing technology accelerated. Technology was at the core of everything. The period was overflowing with engineers, mechanics, millwrights, and dexterous and imaginative tinkers who spent their time and energy designing better pumps, pulleys, pendulums, and other simple machines. It was at this time that the most famous invention during the Industrial Revolution was invented: the steam engine. (http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/James_Watt)The first steam engine prototype was   built by a Frenchman named Denis Papin, but the first useful atmospheric steam engine was built in 1712 by a Cornish mechanic named Thomas Newcomen. Newcomens invention was used in Britain for almost half a century. The machine, however, was noisy and it used too much fuel. (www.us.oup.com/us/pdf/economic.history/industrial.pdf)One day in 1763, Professor John Anderson, a professor in the university, approached James Watt and showed him a lab-scale model of the Newcomen pum p to investigate why the model required so much steam. The model would stall after a few pumps. The machine proved to be temperamental and difficult to operate without air entering the cylinder and destroying the vacuum. He required Watt to repair the engine. (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)Watt set on to investigate the problem. He discovered that the flaw was due to an undersized boiler that could not provide enough steam to reheat the cylinder after a few strokes. Aside from that, the Newcomen engine was inefficient, slow, and too costly. (Porter, Ogilve, 2000)The Newcomen pumps required such vast quantities of steam since they were cooled during every stroke, then reheated. The steam in the cylinder was condensed by a jet of water, thus creating a vacuum that, in turn, was filled during the power stroke by the atmosphere pressing the piston to the bottom of the cylinder. On each stroke the cylinder was heated by the steam and cooled by the injected water, t hus absorbing a tremendous amount of heat. (Porter, Ogilve, 2000)Watt needed a way to condense the steam without cooling the cylinder. The idea did not come to him overnight, it took him months to arrange his plans and to experiment. However, it was during one of his Sunday afternoon walks when the inspiration got to him. Watt later described the moment of inspiration:I had gone to take a walk on a fine Sabbath afternoon, early in 1765. I had entered the green by the gate at the foot of Charlotte Street and had passed the old washing-house. I was thinking upon the engine at the time, and had gone as far as the herds house, when the idea came into my mind that as steam was an elastic body it would rush into a vacuum, and if a communication were made between the cylinder and an exhausted vessel it would rush into it, and might be there condensed without cooling the cylinder. I then saw that I must get rid of the condensed steam and injection-water if I used a jet as in Newcomens engin e. Two ways of doing this occurred to me. First, the water might be run off by a descending pipe, if an offlet could be got at the depth of thirty-five or thirty-six feet, and any air might be extracted by a small pump. The second was to make the pump large enough to extract both water and air. . . . I had not walked farther than the golf-house when the whole thing was arranged in my mind.   (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)Watt was able to solve the problem of the Newcomen engine. He made a separate condenser, with this, he could keep the cylinder hot, and the condenser fairly cold by lagging, thus improving the thermal efficiency of the machine and the economics of its operation. (Porter, Ogilve, 2000)He introduced a number of famous improvements to the steam engine until he was able to effectively make a different model, such as a separate condenser, the principle of double-acting expansion, improved gears, and regulators. Watt turned steam power from an at mospheric pump to a true steam engine. (www.us.oup.com/us/pdf/economic.history/industrial.pdf)Watts University friends introduced him to John Roebuck, an industrialist who held leases on coal deposits. Roebuck agreed to back the development of a full-scale engine after he saw the model work. He would finance the development of the engine. Watt developed a full-scale model which Roebuck used in his coal mine. However, the progress in developing the engine was slow because Roebuck did not employ machinists who were competent enough to do the job. (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)In 1767, Watt traveled to England to acquire a patent for his engine with his Roebuck. The patent was granted in 1769. (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)On his way to Scotland, he met Matthew Boulton. Boulton was a major manufacturer in Birmingham and had the financial capacity to exploit Watts engine. Eventually, Boulton was able to buy out Roebuck and he began manufac turing the engine.   Meanwhile, Watt moved to Birmingham and made his living as a canal surveyor from 1767 and 1774. Although he was successful at this, his health suffered, and so he joined Boulton in his shop. (Porter, Ogilve, 2000)From 1775, Boulton and Watt formed a partnership. Boulton manufactured Watts engines   at the Soho Foundry, near Birmingham. Boulton hired highly skilled craftsmen who helped them develop the engine. They called the engine, Boulton-Watt engine.(http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)The engine was then used in mines. The Boulton-Watt engines became a success. Pumps were installed in mines and Watt became busy maintaining business at Cornwall mines.(http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)Over the next several years, Watt introduced further improvements on the design until it became more efficient than its predecessor.He developed a double acting engine. At age 45, Watt developed his next great invention.   The invention was the sun and planet gear system. By means of a mechanical linkage known as the parallel motion and an extra set of valves, the engine was made to drive on both the forward and the background strokes of the piston, and the sun and planet gear system permitted the rotative wheel to turn more than once per stroke of the piston This engine was quickly used by cotton and wooden mills. (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)He was able to acquire the patents of the double-acting engine and the sun and planet gear system in 1781 and 1782. (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)Between 1775 and 1790, Watt made other inventions. He invented an automatic centrifugal governor, which cut off the steam when the engine began to work too quickly and turned it on again when it had slowed sufficiently. He also devised the steam indicator which shows the steam pressure and degree of vacuum within a cylinder. He also invented a way of copying letters and drawings. (htt p://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)In 1782 a sawmill ordered an engine that was to replace 12 horses. In determining the price of his steam engines, Watt rated his engines in horsepower. After many experiments, he concluded that a horsepower was equivalent to 15,000kg/33,000 lb raised through 0.3m/ft each minute. This method of describing the capability of the engine continued until recent years. (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)In 1785, Watt was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. During the last decade of the 18th century, the active management of the Soho Works was taken over by Boulton and Watts sons, and in 1800, when the patent rights to the engine expired, Watt retired from the business but he continued designing and constructing copying machines. (Porter, Ogilve, 2000)Watt died on August 25, 1819 at the age of 83, leaving the legacy of highly useful machines. His original steam engine of 1765 is now in the Science Musem in London. His n ame has become immortalized as the unit of power; a watt is one joule per second, and one horsepower is equivalent to about 746 watts. (Porter, Ogilve, 2000)